Perseverative responding in male and female Wistar rats: Effects of gonadal hormones

Hest, Annemieke van; Haaren, Frans van; Poll, Nanne E. van de

doi:10.1016/0018-506x(89)90074-3

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Specifically, during reversal learning trials, sham-castrated males with higher testosterone levels had longer path lengths, longer escape latencies, and more time spent in the quadrant where the platform had previously been. Similarly, a previous study showed that testosterone implants given to female rats resulted in increased levels of perseverance on a lever-pressing task (van Hest, van Haaren, & van de Poll, 1989). A positive relationship between testosterone levels and perseverance is contradicted, however, by our finding that castrates spent more time in the old target quadrant during reversal-learning than did shams.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Castration Differentially Affects Spatial Working and Reference Memory in Male Rats

et al. 2007

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A male advantage for spatial learning and memory tasks is well documented among humans and rodents. A possible physiological cause for this male advantage is activational effects of androgens among males. The spatial memory of eight castrated and eight sham-castrated adult male rats was compared using a working-reference memory version of the eight-arm radial arm maze followed by a reference memory version of the Morris water maze. After maze testing, blood was collected from each rat, and testosterone levels were determined using radioimmunoassay. In the radial arm maze, castrates committed significantly more working memory errors and significantly fewer reference memory errors than did shams. In the water maze, no statistically significant differences were found for acquisition or retention. There was a trend for shams with higher testosterone levels to have better retention in the water maze, but this seemed to be due to higher levels of perseverance rather than better reference memory. Castration may have affected performance in the radial arm maze and not in the water maze because the radial arm maze was a more difficult task or because the water maze was aversively motivated while the radial arm maze was appetitively motivated. Our results indicate that androgens improve working memory and may impair reference memory, but the effects of androgens on reference memory seem to be task dependent.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Castration Differentially Affects Spatial Working and Reference Memory in Male Rats

et al. 2007

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“…This perseverative responding has been shown to be mediated by testosterone in rodents (van Hest, van Haaren, & van de Poll, 1989) and linked to androgen mediated effects on dopaminergic neurons in medial-PFC (Kritzer, Brewer, Montalmant, Davenport, & Robinson, 2007). The number of set shifting errors was not significantly different between groups although the pattern of errors supports the general finding of set shifting difficulties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of age of onset and acute anabolic steroid exposure on cognitive performance, impulsivity, and aggression in men.

Hildebrandt

Langenbucher

Flores

et al. 2014

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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A growing translational literature suggests that adolescent exposure to anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) leads to increased aggression and impulsivity. However, little is known about the cognitive effects of AASs among AAS users or the differences between adolescent and adult onset users. This study provides a test of the effects of acute naturalistic AAS use and age of onset (adolescent vs. adult) on measures of inhibitory control, planning and attention, and decision making. Seventy one active adult male AAS uses completed self-report measures of impulsivity and aggress and a subsample (11 adolescent onset vs. 11 adult onset) matched on current age were administered four computerized test from the CANTAB battery and the Iowa Gambling Task. Multiple regression analyses and a series of 2 (Adolescent vs. Adult) X 2 (On-cycle vs. Off-cycle) analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were used to examine the differential effects of age of onset and acute drug use on cognition and behavior. Regression analyses revealed larger on-cycle effects for adolescent users than adult users. Subsample analyses indicated that on-cycle users performed less well on cognitive measures of inhibitory control and attention, but not on tests of planning or decision making. Adolescent onset was associated with a greater impulsivity and a greater acute sensitivity to AAS effects on attention. These preliminary findings suggest the possibility that acute AAS use is associated with some differences in inhibitory control and impulsivity and to a lesser degree aggression. These effects may be more potent for those initiating AAS use in adolescence.

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“…Male rats spend more time than females holding down a lever if holding is food reinforced (41). Male rats are more likely than females to continue to respond using a lever that no longer produces reinforcement (42). Also, under ratio schedules, the performance of castrated males resembles the lower response rates more typical of control females, suggesting the influence of testosterone (43).…”

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confidence: 89%

Sexually dimorphic behavioral responses to prenatal dioxin exposure.

Hojo

Stern

Zaręba

et al. 2002

Environ Health Perspect

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Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received a single oral dose of 0, 20, 60, or 180 ng/kg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on day 8 of gestation. Each litter contributed a single male-female pair trained to press a lever to obtain food pellets under two operant behavior procedures. Initially, each lever press was reinforced. The fixed-ratio (FR) requirement was then increased every four sessions from the initial setting of 1 to values between 6 and 71. We then studied responses for 30 days under a multiple schedule combining FR 11 and another schedule requiring a pause of at least 10 sec between responses (DRL 10-sec). TCDD evoked a sexually dimorphic response pattern. Generally, TCDD-exposed males responded at lower rates than control males. In contrast, exposed females responded at higher rates than controls. Each response measure from the mult-FR DRL schedule yielded a male-female difference score. We used the differences in response rate to calculate benchmark doses based on the relative displacement from modeled zero-dose performance of the effective dose at 1% (ED(01)) and 10% (ED(10)), as determined by a second-order polynomial fit to the dose-effect function. For the male-female difference in FR rate of responding, the mean ED(10) was 2.77 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 1.81 ng/kg. The corresponding ED(01) was 0.27 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 0.18 ng/kg. For the male-female difference in DRL rate, the mean ED(10) was 2.97 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 2.02 ng/kg. The corresponding ED(01) was 0.30 ng/kg with a 95% lower bound of 0.20 ng/kg. These values fall close to, but below, current estimates of human body burdens of 13 ng/kg, based on TCDD toxic equivalents.

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Perseverative responding in male and female Wistar rats: Effects of gonadal hormones

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Castration Differentially Affects Spatial Working and Reference Memory in Male Rats

Castration Differentially Affects Spatial Working and Reference Memory in Male Rats

The influence of age of onset and acute anabolic steroid exposure on cognitive performance, impulsivity, and aggression in men.

Sexually dimorphic behavioral responses to prenatal dioxin exposure.

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