Persea americana extract protects intestinal tissue from Eimeria papillata-induced murine Infection

Abstract

Coccidiosis is the most prevalent disease-causing widespread economic loss among farm and domestic animals. Currently, several drugs are available for the control of this disease but resistance has been confirmed for all of them. There is an urgent need, therefore, for the identification of new sources as alternative treatments to control coccidiosis. The present work aimed to study the effect of the Persea americana extract (PAE) as an anti-coccidial, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic modulator during murine intestinal Eimeria papillata infection. A total of 25 male mice were divided into five groups, as follows: Group1: Non-infected-non-treated (negative control), Group2: Non-infected-treated group with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w). Group3: Infected-non-treated (positive control), Group4: Infected-treated group with PAE (500 mg/kg b.w.), and Group5: Infected-treated group with Amprolium (120 mg/kg b.w.). Groups (3–5) were orally inoculated with 1 × 103 sporulated E. papillata oocysts. After 60 min of infection, groups (4 and 5) were treated for 5 consecutive days with the recommended doses of PAE and amprolium. The fact that PAE has an anti-coccidial efficacy against intestinal E. papillata infection in mice has been clarified by the reduction of fecal oocyst output on the 5th day post-infection by about 85.41%. Moreover, there is a significant reduction in the size of each parasite stage in the jejunal tissues of the infected-treated group with PAE. PAE counteracted the E. papillata-induced loss of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (TCA). E. papillata infection also induced an increase in the apoptotic cells expressed by caspase-3 which modulated after PAE treatment. Moreover, the mRNA expression of the goblet cell response gene, mucin (MUC2), was upregulated from 0.50 to 1.20-fold after treatment with PAE. Based on our results, PAE is a promising medicinal plant with anti-coccidial, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activities and could be used as a food additive.

Krameria lappacea root extract’s anticoccidial properties and coordinated control of CD4 T cells for IL-10 production and antioxidant monitoring

“…These oxidative indicators play an important role in protecting the animal body from free radical damage due to increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during Eimeria infection. Previous research has found that Eimeria infection disrupts the antioxidant defense system, resulting in detrimental cellular effects (10,(50)(51)(52)(53)(54). In this study, KLRE significantly prevented Eimeria infection-induced loss of these markers (CAT and SOD) and increased their activity, which is consistent with Carini et al (55) for free radical scavenging properties that protect against oxidative damage and get rid of excess peroxides.…”

“…Effective management of coccidiosis relies on vaccination and the use of chemoprophylaxis. However, the widespread and excessive use of synthetic coccidiostats has led to the development of drug resistance among various parasites (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Consequently, alternative strategies for coccidiosis control have rapidly emerged and developed in response to these challenges.…”

Fighting eimeriosis by using the anti-eimerial and anti-apoptotic properties of rhatany root extract

“…Coccidiosis continues as one of the most destructive protozoan diseases of wild and domestic animals worldwide and causing economic losses ( 1 ). The causative agent for this disease is the host-specific apicomplexan species belonging to the genus Eimeria (Eucoccidiorida, Eimeriidae) which is transmitted via the fecal-oral route of oocysts, which release infectious sporozoites in the intestine ( 2 ).…”

“…The mucus layer coating the gastrointestinal tract is considered the front line of innate host defense, largely because of the secretory products of intestinal goblet cells, including the mucin MUC2 ( 4 ). Indeed, Eimeria infection has been associated with an increase in the incidence of pathological conditions, inflammation, and oxidative stress that affects the general body performance ( 1 ).…”