Perros Prehispánicos (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Del Pucará De Tilcara (Provincia De Jujuy, Argentina): Contexto Cronológico, Morfología Y Rol Social

Abstract

recuperados en dos contextos arqueológicos (Basural 1 y Acrópolis), que representan un NMI = 5. Los objetivos son definir su cronología, reconstruir su morfología e indagar sobre su estatus social y posibles roles. Para el primer objetivo se realizó el primer fechado-taxón sobre perros en el Noroeste argentino en una muestra del Basural 1, que arrojó una edad de 610±27 años 14 C AP (1383-1424 años cal. DC) como datación mínima para la presencia de perros prehispánicos en la región. A su vez, el análisis de la evidencia arqueológica de la Acrópolis sugiere su presencia durante la dominación incaica del sitio. La reconstrucción morfológica refuerza el patrón del Noroeste, donde se observa el predominio de perros de tamaño mediano a pequeño. Nuestro análisis sugiere que los perros de la Acrópolis eran animales de compañía y/o prestigio de la élite incaica o de los artesanos especializados, mientras que los ejemplares del Basural 1 fueron utilizados como recursos alimenticios y posiblemente peleteros. Esta es la primera vez que se registra de manera indudable el consumo de perros en el Noroeste argentino prehispánico.Palabras claves: perros prehispánicos, reconstrucción morfológica, tafonomía, cinofagia, Noroeste argentino.This work presents a detailed description of remains of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) from the Pucará de Tilcara site (Jujuy Province, Argentina), which were recently recovered from two archaeological contexts (MNI = 5). The purpose of this article is to define the chronology and reconstruct the morphology of these dogs, as well as to inquire about their social status and possible roles. To accomplish the first objective, a first taxon-date in northwestern Argentina, carried out on a sample from Midden 1, has established an age of has established an age of 610±27 years 14 C BP (1383-1424 years cal. AD) as a minimum absolute date for the presence of pre-Hispanic dogs in the region. In turn, the analysis of the archaeological evidence from the second context (Acrópolis) suggests their presence during the Inca domination of the site. Morphological reconstruction lends support to a previously observed pattern, consisting of a predominance of medium to small sized dogs. Our analysis suggests that the Acrópolis dogs could have been pets, as well as prestige goods, of the Inca elite or of specialized craft workers, whereas the specimens from Midden 1 were used as food and possibly fur resources. This is the first time that undeniable evidence of dog consumption among the pre-Hispanic societies of northwestern Argentina has been recorded.

Patagonian partnerships: the extinct Dusicyon avus and its interaction with prehistoric human communities

“…Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of the CS/91-1 bone yield a δ 13 C col value of −12.4‰ and δ 15 N value of 12.6‰ (laboratory code MSR-651), with a C : N atomic ratio of 3.18 (electronic supplementary material, table S8). The isotopic values obtained from CS/91-1 are significantly different from those of other wild carnivores in the study region, with an average enrichment of approximately 4.7‰ in δ 13 C col and 5‰ in δ 15 N (figure 6). These findings indicate that the diet of the CS/91 canid varied from that of other wild carnivores in the region, pointing to a higher intake of C4 resources (probably maize) and a higher distinct trophic level.…”

“…Furthermore, the isotopic results of CS/91-1 are more similar to the values obtained from adult humans found in the same archaeological context ( [49]; figure 6). Specifically, the CS/91-1 result is enriched by 2.5‰ in δ 13 C col and 1.1‰ in δ 15 N compared with the average values of the humans.…”

“…The recent extinction of D. avus is probably attributable to the reduction in its geographical distribution caused by climate change and increased anthropogenic impact [ 5 , 7 ]. The introduction of domestic dogs in South America from Mesoamerica by indigenous people ca 5000 years BP [ 12 ] and their arrival in Patagonia ca 700–900 years BP [ 13 , 14 ] may have also led to hybridization events between the two species, potentially further contributing to its extirpation [ 8 ]. Yet, the possibility of such hybridization remains to be confirmed.…”

¿Acompañamiento mortuorio y/o madriguera de carnívoro?

“…ANIMALES EN EL MÁS ALLÁ: LA FAUNA COMO ACOMPAÑAMIENTO MORTUORIO El acompañamiento funerario animal se caracteriza, en general, por la presencia de un individuo completo o solo algunas partes anatómicas que han sido depositadas en una tumba de forma intencional junto con un difunto humano (Palma, 1997-98;Hill, 2013;Prates, 2014;González Venanzi et al, 2022;Mendoza España, 2022). No obstante, la interpretación de materiales faunísticos en contextos funerarios es compleja.…”

The dog of Los Chonos: First pre‐Hispanic record in western Patagonia (~43° to 47°S, Chile)

“…Our knowledge about the pre‐Hispanic distribution of dogs ( Canis familiaris ), their morphological characteristics, and their uses, functions, and social status in the Southern Cone of South America have been enriched in recent years with newly dated records from northwestern Argentina (González Venanzi et al, in press) and, especially, from the lowlands of southern Brazil (Guedes Milheira et al, 2017), northeastern Argentina (Castro et al, 2020; Loponte & Acosta, 2016), and Uruguay (López Mazz et al, 2018; Loponte et al, 2021). Patagonia has been excluded from these advances, and the current information on dogs remains limited.…”