Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum “hitchhike” on motile early endosomes

Guimarães, S.; Schuster, Martin; Bielska, Ewa; Dagdas, Gulay; Kilaru, Sreedhar; Meadows, Ben R.A.; Schrader, Michael; Steinberg, Gero

doi:10.1083/jcb.201505086

Cited by 115 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In most systems studied to date, however, LD motility is largely or exclusively due to transport along microtubules [203], for examples in various cultured mammalian cells [209, 212] or in Drosophila embryos [154]. For most of these cases, LDs are presumably directly pulled by microtubule motors, such as kinesin and dynein [154, 212], but in the fungus Ustilago maydis , LDs themselves do not move but are actively spread out along microtubules via transient interactions with motor-propelled early endosomes [213, 214]. …”

Section: Other Roles Of Lipid Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

442

358

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Lipid droplets are cytoplasmic organelles that store neutral lipids and are critically important for energy metabolism. Their function in energy storage is firmly established and increasingly well characterized. However, emerging evidence indicates that lipid droplets also play important and diverse roles in the cellular handling of lipids and proteins that may not be directly related to energy homeostasis. Lipid handling roles of droplets include the storage of hydrophobic vitamin and signaling precursors, and the management of endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Roles of lipid droplets in protein handling encompass functions in the maturation, storage, and turnover of cellular and viral polypeptides. Other potential roles of lipid droplets may be connected with their intracellular motility and, in some cases, their nuclear localization. This diversity highlights that lipid droplets are very adaptable organelles, performing different functions in different biological contexts.

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Section: Other Roles Of Lipid Dropletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Welte

Gould

2017

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biolog

442

358

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“…They are interconnected with other organelles of the secretory pathway and behave as another hub for sorting cargos (Golgi compartments have been traditionally considered the main sorting hub of the cell). For example, U. maydis and A. nidulans endosomes transport peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, lipid droplets, and mRNAs 85, 87, 88 . N. crassa has a peroxisome-derived organelle, the Woronin body (WB), which reseals membrane lesions by occluding septa 89 .…”

Section: Of Filaments and Nanomotors: Connecting Exocytosis And Endocmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Riquelme

Martínez‐Núñez

2016

F1000Res

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Filamentous fungi have proven to be a better-suited model system than unicellular yeasts in analyses of cellular processes such as polarized growth, exocytosis, endocytosis, and cytoskeleton-based organelle traffic. For example, the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa develops a variety of cellular forms. Studying the molecular basis of these forms has led to a better, yet incipient, understanding of polarized growth. Polarity factors as well as Rho GTPases, septins, and a localized delivery of vesicles are the central elements described so far that participate in the shift from isotropic to polarized growth. The growth of the cell wall by apical biosynthesis and remodeling of polysaccharide components is a key process in hyphal morphogenesis. The coordinated action of motor proteins and Rab GTPases mediates the vesicular journey along the hyphae toward the apex, where the exocyst mediates vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane. Cytoplasmic microtubules and actin microfilaments serve as tracks for the transport of vesicular carriers as well as organelles in the tubular cell, contributing to polarization. In addition to exocytosis, endocytosis is required to set and maintain the apical polarity of the cell. Here, we summarize some of the most recent breakthroughs in hyphal morphogenesis and apical growth in N. crassa and the emerging questions that we believe should be addressed.

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“…Recently, it was also discovered that early endosomes transport whole organelles, such as peroxisomes (160,194). In A. nidulans, an adaptor protein, PxdA, that connects peroxisomal cargo to endosomes was found.…”

Section: The Fungal Cytoskeleton the Microtubule Cytoskeletonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures

Riquelme

Aguirre

Bartnicki-García

et al. 2018

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

273

246

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SUMMARYFilamentous fungi constitute a large group of eukaryotic microorganisms that grow by forming simple tube-like hyphae that are capable of differentiating into more-complex morphological structures and distinct cell types. Hyphae form filamentous networks by extending at their tips while branching in subapical regions. Rapid tip elongation requires massive membrane insertion and extension of the rigid chitin-containing cell wall. This process is sustained by a continuous flow of secretory vesicles that depends on the coordinated action of the microtubule and actin cytoskeletons and the corresponding motors and associated proteins. Vesicles transport cell wall-synthesizing enzymes and accumulate in a special structure, the Spitzenkörper, before traveling further and fusing with the tip membrane. The place of vesicle fusion and growth direction are enabled and defined by the position of the Spitzenkörper, the so-called cell end markers, and other proteins involved in the exocytic process. Also important for tip extension is membrane recycling by endocytosis via early endosomes, which function as multipurpose transport vehicles for mRNA, septins, ribosomes, and peroxisomes. Cell integrity, hyphal branching, and morphogenesis are all processes that are largely dependent on vesicle and cytoskeleton dynamics. When hyphae differentiate structures for asexual or sexual reproduction or to mediate interspecies interactions, the hyphal basic cellular machinery may be reprogrammed through the synthesis of new proteins and/or the modification of protein activity. Although some transcriptional networks involved in such reprogramming of hyphae are well studied in several model filamentous fungi, clear connections between these networks and known determinants of hyphal morphogenesis are yet to be established.

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Peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum “hitchhike” on motile early endosomes

Abstract: Microtubule-dependent long-range motility of early endosomes supports directed motility of peroxisomes, lipid droplets, and endoplasmic reticulum, and this process is mediated by transient interaction between all three organelles and the endosomes.

Cited by 115 publications

References 69 publications

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Lipid droplet functions beyond energy storage

Hyphal ontogeny in Neurospora crassa: a model organism for all seasons

Fungal Morphogenesis, from the Polarized Growth of Hyphae to Complex Reproduction and Infection Structures

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