2006
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-09-3777
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands reverse CTL suppression by alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in cancer

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Cited by 106 publications
(107 citation statements)
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References 69 publications
(100 reference statements)
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“…35,38,39 As demonstrated by our studies and those of others, syngeneic CD4 1 CD25 1 Tregs have been shown to be critical for the induction of the macrophage phenotype switch both in vivo and in vitro. 14,15 In this study, the allogeneic donor CD4 1 CD25 1 Tregs caused significant phenotypic and functional alterations of the resident macrophages in the recipient NOD-scid mice to an M2-like phenotype.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 68%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…35,38,39 As demonstrated by our studies and those of others, syngeneic CD4 1 CD25 1 Tregs have been shown to be critical for the induction of the macrophage phenotype switch both in vivo and in vitro. 14,15 In this study, the allogeneic donor CD4 1 CD25 1 Tregs caused significant phenotypic and functional alterations of the resident macrophages in the recipient NOD-scid mice to an M2-like phenotype.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 68%
“…CD4 1 T responders (2310 5 ) and macrophage stimulators (1310 5 ), which were pre-treated with 50 mg/mL mitomycin C, were incubated in triplicate in 0.2 mL medium in Ubottomed 96-well microplates (Costar) at 37 uC in 5% CO 2 . 18,28,34,35 The plates were pulsed with 1 mCi of 3 H-labeled thymidine (radioactivity, 185 GBq/mM; Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Beijing, China) per well on day 3, and after 18 h of further incubation, the cells were harvested onto glass fiber filters with an automatic cell harvester (Tomtec, Toku, Finland). The samples were assayed in a .…”
Section: Detection Of Ifn-c Il-4 and Il-10mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tumor dissociation was performed as described earlier. 12 Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) data were acquired using a FACSVantage SE flow cytometer or FACS Canto 2 (BD Biosciences).…”
Section: Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting Staining and Flow Cytometrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite this notion, these cells are typically studied as a bulk population and only a few reports have addressed a further refinement of this population. 3,8,12 It has been suggested that different tumor-derived factors, such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-1␤, and prostaglandins, can mobilize MDSC recruitment from bone marrow hematopoietic precursors and induce the immunosuppressive phenotype. [13][14][15][16][17][18] While this immunosuppressive phenotype is a trademark of MDSCs, there is no clear consensus on their suppressive mechanism.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Decreased NF-B signaling is likely to be responsible for the impaired expression of M1 genes, as overexpression of the p50 NF-B subunit, which lacks a strong transactivation domain, is sufficient to repress M1 gene expression (6). The ability of macrophages to suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is also impaired by activation of PPAR␥ (7), indicating that in this context PPAR␥ activation suppresses M2 polarization. However, the role of PPAR␥ remains controversial, as PPAR␥ activation has been observed to promote M2 polarization in adipose tissue (8).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%