Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand pioglitazone regulated gene networks in term human primary trophoblast cells

Abstract

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) is a nuclear receptor that is highly expressed in placenta. In this study, the PPAR-γ regulated gene networks were characterized in human primary trophoblast cells in vitro. The trophoblasts were isolated from full term placenta after delivery and exposed to 20 μM of the PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone, for 72 h and gene expression profiles were examined. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed with RT-qPCR. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to identify PPAR-γ induced biological functions and downstream signaling pathways. In response to pioglitazone treatment, 37 genes were upregulated and 42 genes were downregulated as compared to control cells. The upregulated genes included those involved in metabolic pathways, whereas the expressions of many cytokines and chemokines were downregulated. Our data indicate that PPAR-γ possesses pleiotropic functions also in term trophoblasts regulating genes especially involved in cellular growth and proliferation, inflammatory and immunomodulatory responses and lipid metabolism.

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Sheep Trophoblast Cells through mTOR Pathway-Mediated Autophagy

“…BCG-induced lipid accumulation [37]. Moreover, stimulation of PPARγ with the ligand pioglitazone in human placental trophoblast cells and goat mammary glands upregulated the transcription levels of fat metabolismrelated genes FABP4 and the perilipin-2 (PLIN2) protein which promotes fat deposition [38]. The results presented in the current study also indicate that exogenous addition of rosiglitazone promotes lipid deposition in STCs, while the addition of GW9662 exerts the opposite effect.…”

Phillygenin inhibits the inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells by activating PPARγ signaling via downregulation of MMP8

“…These transcription factors belong to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and they are present in a variety of tissues for cellular homeostasis. As PPARs are involved in the development of numerous diseases, such as brain and peripheral inflammation and cancer, and they are considered to be potential molecular targets (30,34,35). Previously, it was shown that PPARγ plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression, such as that of lipoprotein(a), IL-1 and TNF-α (36,37).…”

A randomized controlled trial comparing pioglitazone and metformin prior to in vitro fertilization in polycystic ovary syndrome – associated infertile women: impact on pregnancy rates

“…Pioglitazone improves the endocrine status and causes inhibitory effects on androgen synthesis 12 , and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) strengthens the effect of insulin and reduces the effects of inflammation by increasing IL-8 and IL-6 13 . Upregulation of several inflammatory and downregulation of noninflammatory genes is associated with failure of IVF 14 .…”