Peroxisome assembly in yeast

Abstract

Peroxisomes are essential organelles that may be involved in various functions, dependent on organism, cell type, developmental stage of the cell, and the environment. Until recently, peroxisomes were viewed as a class of static organelles that developed by growth and fission from pre-existing organelles. Recent observations have challenged this view by providing evidence that peroxisomes may be part of the endomembrane system and constitute a highly dynamic population of organelles that arises and is removed upon environmental demands. Additionally, evidence is now accumulating that peroxisomes may arise by alternative methods. This review summarizes relevant recent data on this subject. In addition, the progress in the understanding of the principles of the peroxisomal matrix protein import machinery is discussed.

The Sensitivity of Yeast Mutants to Oleic Acid Implicates the Peroxisome and Other Processes in Membrane Function

“…The relationship of several of these gene products to the peroxisome was addressed by determining whether deletion influenced oleateinduced enhancement of Pex11-GFP expression. Numerous previous studies have shown oleate to cause a substantial induction in the size and/or number of Saccharomyces peroxisomes (Veenhuis et al 2003). Oleateinduced expression of PEX11 and the other PEX genes depends on Oaf1 and Pip2, transcription factors that bind as a heterodimer to the oleate-responsive element (Luo et al 1996;Rottensteiner et al 1996;Karpichev and Small 1998).…”

“…Animals, by contrast, also perform b-oxidation in the mitochondrion using a separate set of enzymes (Bartlett and Eaton 2004). A variety of elegant methods using human cells, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and other yeast species have identified 33 Pex proteins, or peroxins, that play a wide range of roles in peroxisome biogenesis and function (Purdue and Lazarow 2001;Eckert and Erdmann 2003;Veenhuis et al 2003;Moyersoen et al 2004). Most Pex proteins are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes; human disorders that result from mutations in any one of a number of pex genes have been studied extensively (Eckert and Erdmann 2003).…”

Autophagy in organelle homeostasis: Peroxisome turnover

“…For initiation of pexophagy, peroxisomes require a specific tag on the organelle, which serves as a target for the sequestering membrane. In methylotrophic yeast, the peroxisomal membrane-bound peroxins Pex14 and Pex3 play a role in initiation of macropexophagy (Bellu et al,2002;Bellu et al,2002;Veenhuis et al,2003). Pex14 is involved in the import of matrix proteins into peroxisomes.…”

Arabidopsis Peroxin 16 Coexists at Steady State in Peroxisomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum

“…Nevertheless, they constitute an important, metabolically plastic, and diverse complement to other common organelles within virtually all eukaryotic cell types (Subramani, 1998;Veenhuis et al, 2000;Parsons et al, 2001;Baker and Graham, 2002). A unique feature of this organelle's functional plasticity, which is more prevalent for plant (Kamada et al, 2003;Reumann, 2004) than other (Emanuelsson et al, 2003) peroxisomes, is that constitutive and induced changes in metabolic capabilities are accomplished exclusively via regulated posttranslational acquisitions of nuclearencoded matrix and membrane proteins (Mullen, 2002;Sparkes and Baker, 2002;Trelease, 2002;Lazarow, 2003;Veenhuis et al, 2003). Hence, targeting, intracellular sorting, and import of these proteins are critically important features for biogenesis/differentiation of peroxisomes in all organisms.…”