“…Among the various types of solar cells, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and dye-sensitized solar cells [ 10 , 11 , 12 ] are considered potential self-charging sources for LIBs. Various studies have been carried out on solar energy storage using capacitors [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. A few studies have been carried out on the use of solar energy as a self-charging source for LIBs.…”