Perovskite solar cell developments, whatʼs next?

2D Polymers with Lead Anchoring Groups Enable Perovskite Solar Cells with Over 24% Efficiency

“…Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn much attention over the last decades because of their benefits, including lightweight, low cost, and ease of manufacturing large-area devices utilizing the solution processing approach. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Although the state-of-the-art PSCs have a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.1%, comparable to commercial silicon solar cells, the poor stability prevents PSCs from being commercialized. [7][8][9][10][11][12] The hygroscopic dopants utilized in the dominant Spiro-OMeTAD hole-transport material (HTM) will damage the perovskite film beneath, leading to instability.…”

Dimensional Regulation from 1D/3D to 2D/3D of Perovskite Interfaces for Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The excellent optoelectronic properties of three-dimensional (3D) perovskites enable their usage for constructing high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). − However, various types of defects at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films often result in poor moisture, photo, and thermal stability of derived PSCs, hindering their commercialization. − Therefore, numerous passivators have been developed to passivate defects for obtaining high-quality perovskite film. , However, the currently used passivators are mainly based on ionic, Lewis acid/base, and low-dimensional perovskites (LDPs) passivators. − LDPs, including zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and two-dimensional (2D) perovskites, are characterized by larger A-site organic cations. , Compared with other passivators, LDPs can passivate deep-level defects at the surface and grain boundaries and form heterojunctions with 3D perovskites to effectively facilitate charge extraction and transfer. , In addition, the LDPs can also improve the energy-level alignment through interfacial modification, eliminate hysteresis, and enhance long-term stability. , …”

Unraveling Halogen Role in Two-Step Solution Growth of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Mixed-Halide Perovskites: Guidelines of Fabricating Single-Phase Perovskites with Predictable Stoichiometry

“…Metal-halide perovskite (MHP) materialsbearing a ABX 3 chemical formula, where A is a univalent organic or inorganic cation, B is a bivalent metal cation, and X is a halide anionhave attracted intensive attention in the field of solar photovoltaics due to their ease of fabrication, defect tolerance, and versatile optoelectronic properties and recently have further extended their applications to light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors from infrared to X-ray. , To date, the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been rapidly improving from just 3.8% in 2009 to 26.1% for single junction cells and 33.9% for tandem solar cells with crystalline silicon recently. , Despite the dramatic progress, the obstacles on the way to commercialization are intrinsic imperfections in grown materials (defect, disorder, grain boundary, etc.) and susceptibility to external stresses (moisture, heat, radiation, and electric field), , resulting in short device lifetime. − Moreover, the material imperfections and external stresses are entangled and effectively enforce each other.…”