“…Since the discovery of p-type NaCo 2 O 4 with high TE performance (Terasaki et al, 1997), many oxides, such as the binary oxide ZnO (Ong et al, 2011) and the perovskite-type oxides SrTiO 3 (Muller et al, 2004), CaMnO 3 (Wang et al, 2009), and LaCoO 3 (Vulchev et al, 2012), have been investigated as TE materials. The hightemperature stability, environmentally friendly properties, and low cost make them suitable for various applications, such TE, photoelectric, catalysis, photocatalytic (Sawada and Nakajima, 2018;Nkwachukwu and Arotiba, 2021), and dielectric materials. Unlike the favored materials in the field of TE, such as SnSe (Wang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2016), PbTe (Pei et al, 2011;Xiao and Zhao, 2018), and Cu 2 Se (Nunna et al, 2017;Olvera et al, 2017), the ZT values of oxides were not very high (Wang H. C. et al, 2011;Wang J. et al, 2017).…”