Perovskite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Properties, and Novel Applications in Photovoltaics and LEDs

Abstract

Solar cells and light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) based on metal‐halide perovskites are transitioning from promising performers to direct competitors to well‐established technologies, with cost‐effectiveness as a strong advantage. Nanostructured perovskites have yielded record LEDs due to their higher versatility in the local management of charge carriers, which has enabled photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) close to 100%. However, these perovskite nanostructures are yet to be fully exploited in other applications such as photovoltaics, where they can also present competitive advantages as they enable feasible routes to surpass the Shockley–Queisser limit by means of multiexciton generation or hot‐carrier extraction. Besides conventional applications, the extraordinary properties of these materials have the potential to unlock novel areas of research. Herein, the potential of perovskite nanostructures—with the focus on the widely developed nanoparticles—beyond classical thin‐film optoelectronics is analyzed, their limits of application are discussed, and their real possibilities are pondered.

Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Room Temperature Syntheses toward Commercial Viability

“…For more general overviews of perovskite nanocrystal syntheses using different cations, and high temperature syntheses, we direct readers toward other extensive recent reviews. [28,[59][60][61][62]…”

Improving the heterointerface in hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells by surface engineering: Insights from periodic hybrid density functional theory calculations

“…With excellent optoelectronic properties and potential for low‐temperature device fabrication, organometal halide perovskites (AMX 3 ) are extensively studied materials. [ 1 ] Since their very first combination with mesoporous TiO 2 photoanode for visible‐light conversion in photovoltaic cells by Miyasaka et al, [ 2 ] organometal halide perovskites AMX 3 have attracted considerable attention as efficient light harvesters. In particular, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSC) have appeared as excellent potential candidates to produce clean energy, with easy fabrication, long charge carrier diffusion lengths and lifetimes, high absorption coefficient, solution processability, and high photoconversion efficiencies (PCE).…”

Anti-Stokes photoluminescence study on a methylammonium lead bromide nanoparticle film

“…Colloidal quantum dots are also used as imaging tools in biology and medicine and as fluorescent up-and downconverters. 7,8 Luminescence up-conversion is the process whereby a system absorbs low energy photons and emits higher energy photons. The most commonly studied luminescence up-conversion mechanisms result from multi-photon processes using rare earth dopants or triplet-triplet annihilation.…”