Perovskite-Based Tandem/Multi-junction Solar Cells

Abstract

Nowadays, with all their different forms, tandem cells are considered on top of the modern fields that many researchers try to explore all over the world. Both theoretical studies and applied technologies are struggling to realize the theoretical limit of the single-cell efficiency (~30%). Many kinds of tandem cells can be gathered together in different categories. Concerning the materials used, they are classified into organic, inorganic, and hybrid. But sometimes, they are classified, focusing on the connections used for sub-cellsstacked, optical splitting, or monolithic. Halide perovskite-based solar cells have acquired great significance in recent years. They gained a major interest because of their cheap and simple manufacturing as well as fast efficiency improvements. All these advantages have already met those of the industrially prevailing multi-crystalline silicon. Integration of perovskite absorber materials into multi-junction cells encourages researchers to exceed the limits of siliconbased technology and run after higher power transforming efficiencies. Layering many absorbers solar junctions stacked one above the other helped in the absorption process throughout the solar spectrum, hence, more energy could be obtained from sunlight. Two qualities caused perovskites to become the ideal candidates: First, the availability of adjusting the energy gap of perovskite materials to a great extent. Second, the capability to produce high open-circuit voltages from wide-bandgap absorbers. Perovskites could be used combined with or as an alternative for silicon (Si) in photovoltaic technologies. Those technologies were used practically and could be collected in architectures of hybrid tandems or layered in all multi-junction perovskite cells. In this review, many opportunities for perovskite multi-junction cells were tested in an attempt to find out new developments via inspecting possibilities.