Permittivity of Undoped Silicon in the Millimeter Wave Range

Yang, Xiaofan; Liu, Xiaoming; Yu, Shuo; Zhou, Jung; Zeng, Yonghu

doi:10.3390/electronics8080886

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Compared to the metals, ScN exhibits (see Figure a) a dielectric optical characteristic consistent with its semiconducting nature with a direct band gap of 2.2 eV . Near the band gap region, the ϵ′ of ScN exhibits a maximum value of 14.2, which is close to Si’s ϵ ∞ of 11.7 . It is important to note here that ScN exhibits an indirect band gap of ∼0.9 eV that is close to the indirect band gap of Si (1.1 eV).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Near-UV-to-Near-IR Hyperbolic Photonic Dispersion in Epitaxial (Hf,Zr)N/ScN Metal/Dielectric Superlattices

Das

Maurya

Schroeder

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs) with extreme dielectric anisotropy have shown great promise in nanophotonic applications such as superlensing, enhancement of spontaneous emission, negative refraction, and the diverging photonic density of states. Noble metal-based metal/dielectric multilayers (e.g., Au/SiO2 and Ag/TiO2) and metallic (Au and Ag) nanowires embedded inside a dielectric matrix have been traditionally used to demonstrate HMM properties and for implementations into devices. Noble metals are, however, unstable at high temperatures, complementary metal oxide semiconductor incompatible, and difficult to deposit in thin-film form due to their high surface energies that limit their potential applications. TiN has emerged as an alternative plasmonic material to Au in recent years, and epitaxial TiN/Al0.72Sc0.28N metal/semiconductor superlattices were developed that exhibit excellent HMM properties. As TiN exhibits ε-near-zero (ENZ) at ∼500 nm, TiN/Al0.72Sc0.28N HMM also operates from ∼500 nm to long-wavelength regions. However, for several energy-conversion-related applications as well as for fundamental studies, it is desirable to achieve HMM wavelengths from the near-UV to the near-IR region of the spectrum. In this article, we demonstrate hyperbolic photonic dispersion in (Hf,Zr)N/ScN, a class of metal/semiconducting superlattice metamaterial that covers the near-UV to the near-IR spectral range. Epitaxial HfN/ScN, ZrN/ScN, and Hf0.5Zr0.5N/ScN superlattices are deposited on (001) MgO substrates and characterized with synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction as well as high-resolution electron microscopy techniques. Superlattices grow with cube-on-cube epitaxy and with sharp interfaces. Optical characterization reveals both type-I and type-II hyperbolic photonic dispersions as well as low losses and high figures-of-merit. Along with its high-temperature thermal stability, demonstration of HMM properties in (Hf,Zr)N/ScN metal/dielectric superlattices makes them potential candidates for HMM devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Near-UV-to-Near-IR Hyperbolic Photonic Dispersion in Epitaxial (Hf,Zr)N/ScN Metal/Dielectric Superlattices

Das

Maurya

Schroeder

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…The thickness and width of the Si slab are H and W , respectively. The relative permittivities of the dielectric nanowire, Si slab, and surrounding silica are set as ε 1 = 2, ε 2 = 12.25 (with an approximated refractive index of 3.5), and ε 3 = 2.25, respectively [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. The dielectric nanowires are coated by the monolayer graphene.…”

Section: Waveguide Structure and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symmetric Graphene Dielectric Nanowaveguides as Ultra-Compact Photonic Structures

Teng

Wang

et al. 2021

Nanomaterials

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A symmetric graphene plasmon waveguide (SGPWG) is proposed here to achieve excellent subwavelength waveguiding performance of mid-infrared waves. The modal properties of the fundamental graphene plasmon mode are investigated by use of the finite element method. Due to the naturally rounded tips, the plasmon mode in SGPWG could achieve a normalized mode field area of ~10−5 (or less) and a figure of merit over 400 by tuning the key geometric structure parameters and the chemical potential of graphene. In addition, results show that the modal performance of SGPWG seems to improve over its circular counterparts. Besides the modal properties, crosstalk analysis indicates that the proposed waveguide exhibits extremely low crosstalk, even at a separation distance of 64 nm. Due to these excellent characteristics, the proposed waveguide has promising applications in ultra-compact integrated photonic components and other intriguing nanoscale devices.

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“…In the microwave region or below 10 9 Hz the permittivity is constant, in the infrared region or at approximately 10 12 Hz the permittivity displays a spike or discontinuity, and in the ultraviolet region or at approximately 10 15 Hz the permittivity displays a second spike or discontinuity. A typical graph of this response is shown in Figure 10 [32].…”

Section: Permittivity Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Electromagnetic Properties to Identify and Design Superconducting Materials

Lacy¹

2022

Electromagnetic Wave Propagation for Industry and Biomedical Applications

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Superconductors have a wide array of applications, such as medical imaging, supercomputing, and electric power transmission, but superconducting materials only operate at very cold temperatures. Thus, the quest to engineer room temperature superconductors is currently a hot topic of research. To accomplish this mission, it is important to have a complete understanding of the material properties that are being used to create these superconductors. Understanding the atomic and electromagnetic properties of the prospective materials will provide tremendous insight into the best choice for the materials. Therefore, a theoretical model that incorporates electromagnetic field theory and quantum mechanics principles is utilized to explain the electrical and magnetic characteristics of superconductors. This model can be used to describe the electrical resistance response and why it vanishes at the material’s critical temperature. The model can also explain the behavior of magnetic fields and why some superconducting materials completely exclude magnetic fields while other superconductors partially exclude these fields. Thus, this theoretical analysis produces a model that describes the behavior of both type I and type II superconductors. Since there are subtle differences between superconductors and perfect conductors, this model also accounts for this distinction and explains why superconductors behave differently than perfect conductors. Therefore, this theory addresses the major properties associated with superconducting materials and thus will aid researchers in the pursuit of designing room temperature superconductors.

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Permittivity of Undoped Silicon in the Millimeter Wave Range

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Near-UV-to-Near-IR Hyperbolic Photonic Dispersion in Epitaxial (Hf,Zr)N/ScN Metal/Dielectric Superlattices

Near-UV-to-Near-IR Hyperbolic Photonic Dispersion in Epitaxial (Hf,Zr)N/ScN Metal/Dielectric Superlattices

Symmetric Graphene Dielectric Nanowaveguides as Ultra-Compact Photonic Structures

Using Electromagnetic Properties to Identify and Design Superconducting Materials

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