Permissiveness of rabbit monocytes and macrophages for herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract

The permissiveness of rabbit monocytes and macrophages for herpes simplex virus was examined. Peripheral blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages, and peritoneal exudate macrophages were studied for their ability to replicate herpes simplex virus strains RE and KOS. Results indicated different degrees of interaction with virus depending on the macrophage type. Only peritoneal exudate macrophages showed evidence of virus replication. Productive infection was limited, with only a small number of cells (0.02%) yielding infectious virus. Higher numbers of cells appeared to be abortively infected. Approximately 40% expressed antigens, whereas virtually all were killed by exposure to virus. Coreless particles were seen by electron microscopy in about one-third. Alveolar macrophages were also killed by virus and showed evidence of virus adsorption, but showed no indication of productive or abortive infection. Monocytes neither adsorbed nor replicated virus, and viability was unaffected. Results suggest that differences in degrees of cellular maturation or differentiation, or both, account for the spectrum of interactions seen between herpes simplex virus and rabbit macrophages.on July 31, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from

Genetic aspects of macrophage involvement in natural resistance to virus infections

“…A number of variables in the experimental procedure may influence the outcome of the intrinsic virus-macrophage interaction [4]. Among these, mention may be made of the source of macrophages [8,9], the use of non-specific irritants to increase macrophage yields [10] and culture conditions like the serum type and concentration [11], the presence of antiviral antibody [12] and precultivation of the cells [2,10]. Macrophages are generally more restrictive for virus replication than most other cell types [4].…”

Alteration of rabbit alveolar and peritoneal macrophage function by herpes simplex virus

“…Our laboratory has been investigating several aspects of the interaction between HSV and M0 of adult New Zealand white rabbits. In a recent study of M0 permissiveness to HSV infection, we found different levels of interaction with HSV, which appeared to relate to the state of M0 differentiation (21). The present report compares the effects of in vitro exposure to HSV on alveolar M0 (AM) and peritoneal exudate MO (PEM) function.…”

“…AM were obtained from adult New Zealand white rabbits by lavage of excised lungs (18). PEM were obtained after elicitation by intraperitoneal inoculation of sterile paraffin oil (21). The RE strain of HSV type 1 (6) was prepared in Vero cells as previously described (21,29).…”

“…It is also possible that the degree of functional impairment of PEM was the result of virusmediated toxicity which occurred independently of viral replication. Prior studies revealed that after exposure to high multiplicities of infectious virus, more than 95% of the PEM could be killed (21). The cytocidal effect of HSV might also account for the impairment of alveolar MO function after prolonged virus exposure, as up to 80% of AM can ultimately be killed by virus (21).…”

Susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes and macrophages to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus

“…TCIDo, 50%o tissue culture infective dose. (10,23). Thus, in the CAEV syndrome, our data suggest that monocytes migrating from the circulation into the infected joint would be susceptible to virus infection and thereby may aid in perpetuating instead of eliminating the infection.…”