Permissible Value for Vanadium in Allitic Udic Ferrisols Based on Physiological Responses of Green Chinese Cabbage and Soil Microbes

Abstract

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to study the permissible value of vanadium (V) based on the growth and physiological responses of green Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.), and effects of V on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and enzyme activities in allitic udic ferrisols were also studied. The results showed that biomass of cabbage grown on soil treated with 133 mg V kg(-1) significantly decreased by 25.1% compared with the control (P < 0.05). Vanadium concentrations in leaves and roots increased with increasing soil V concentration. Contents of vitamin C (Vc) increased by 10.3%, while that of soluble sugar in leaves significantly decreased by 54.0% when soil V concentration was 133 mg kg(-1), respectively. The uptake of essential nutrient elements by cabbage was disturbed when soil V concentration exceeded 253 mg kg(-1). Soil MBC was significantly stimulated by 15.5%, while dehydrogenase activity significantly decreased by 62.8% and urease activity slightly changed at treatment of 133 mg V kg(-1) as compared with the control, respectively. Therefore, the permissible value of V in allitic udic ferrisols is proposed as 130 mg kg(-1).

Uptake and speciation of vanadium in the rhizosphere soils of rape (Brassica juncea L.)

“…In the agricultural soil, the total rape biomass was minimal (0.13 and 0.01 g, dry weight) at 297-397 mg V kg −1 , and no rape growth was observed at 647 mg V kg −1 . The inhibition of plant growth by elevated concentrations of V in soils agrees well with the previous finding that growth of green Chinese cabbage was inhibited in contaminated soils at V concentrations between 153 and 253 mg V kg −1 , and the growth of approximately 80 % of green Chinese cabbage plants decreased in soils at 553 mg V kg −1 (Xiao et al 2012) demonstrated that V inhabited alfalfa growth at 100 mg V kg −1 and the total biomass of alfalfa decreased by more than 95 % in soils exceeding 400 mg V kg −1 . We observed a significantly higher total biomass of rape planted in the mining soil (4.99 g dry weight) than in all agricultural soils, although the total V concentration in the mining soil was the highest in this study.…”

“…The ability of rape to accumulate soil V in roots appeared to be comparably low, since the previously published root bioconcentration factors for woody and herbaceous plants were at least a level of magnitude higher (Table 4 ). For example, the root bioconcentration factors of Chinese cabbage estimated from total soil V and water-extractable V were 40 and 6983 %, respectively (Tian et al 2014;Xiao et al 2012) (Table 4). The root bioconcentration factors calculated from labile V in soils (HNO 3 extractable) were between 56 and 1080 % for Artemisia vulgaris, Polygonum cuspidatum, Phragmites australis, Rhus copallinum, Betula populifolia and Populus deltoides (Qian et al 2014).…”

“…Moreover, high concentrations of V(V) in red mud-contaminated soils and leachates have been demonstrated to cause chromosomal damage in tetrads of Tradescantia and in root cells of Allium as well as retardation of root growth (Misik et al 2014). Recently, an increasing number of studies have measured the influence of V in soils on plant growth; however, these studies have only focused on the total V concentration (Hou et al 2013;Kaplan et al 1990;Xiao et al 2012;Yang et al 2011). Most studies showed a similar increase in the inhibition of plant growth with increasing concentrations of total V in the soil.…”

Sorption of vanadium (V) on three typical agricultural soil of the Loess Plateau, China

“…Parameters of isotherm models for the adsorption of V(Ⅴ) onto yellow cinnamon soil, manual loessial soil and aeolian sandy soil. 854.4 mg kg −1 and 748.6 mg kg −1 , respectively) were different from other soil types, such as German soils (range 1.7-143 mg kg −1 ), alliticudic ferrisols (130 mg kg −1 ) and Aluminum-pillared Bentonite (24.16 mg g −1 ) [6,17,47]. This was because of the specific surface area and the proportion of colloids in the adsorbent.…”