Permissible manure and fertilizer use in dairy farming systems on sandy soils in The Netherlands to comply with the Nitrates Directive target

Schröder, J.J.; Aarts, H.F.M.; Middelkoop, J.H. van; Schils, R.L.M.; Velthof, G.L.; Fraters, B.; Willems, W.J.

doi:10.1016/j.eja.2007.02.008

Cited by 56 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…NLFs were used to calculate N use standards (Schröder et al 2007). The points discussed earlier may have distinct consequences for farmers, for example, the 2006-2009 average NLF for grassland is 0.34, while the average value for the entire study period is 0.44.…”

Section: Use Of Nlfs For Deriving Environmentally Sound N Use Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, the highest N surpluses on dairy farms occurred in the early 1990s and the lowest in the 2001-2009 period (Figure 6). The relationship between NLF and N surplus is unknown (Schröder et al 2007). Literature provides data that show an increase of NLF with increase of N surplus (Van Beek et al 2009) as well as data that show the opposite (Schröder & Van Keulen 1997).…”

Section: Relationship Between Nlf and N Surplus/timementioning

confidence: 99%

“…N use is regulated by setting standards for each combination of crop, soil type and soil drainage condition (Schröder & Neeteson 2008). To assure that farms in the Sand region will comply with the nitrate standard for groundwater in the future, an empirical model is used to derive environmental sound N use standards for sandy soils for different crops and soil drainage conditions (Schröder et al 2007). Key parameters in this model are the nitrate-N leaching fractions (NLFs) for arable land and grassland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Use of long-term monitoring data to derive a relationship between nitrogen surplus and nitrate leaching for grassland and arable land on well-drained sandy soils in the Netherlands

Fraters

Leeuwen

Boumans

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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The decrease in nitrogen (N) use in agriculture led to improvement of upper groundwater quality in the Sand region of the Netherlands in the 1991-2009 period. However, still half of the farms exceeded the European nitrate standard for groundwater of 50 mg/l in the 2008-2011 period. To assure that farms will comply with the quality standard, an empirical model is used to derive environmentally sound N use standards for sandy soils for different crops and soil drainage conditions. Key parameters in this model are the nitrate-N leaching fractions (NLFs) for arable land and grassland on deep, well-drained sandy soils. NLFs quantify the fraction of the N surplus on the soil balance that leaches from the root zone to groundwater and this fraction represents N available for leaching and denitrification. The aim of this study was to develop a method for calculating these NLFs by using data from a random sample of commercial arable farms and dairy farms that were monitored in the 1991-2009 period. Only mean data per farm were available, which blocked a direct derivation of NLFs for unique combinations of crop type, soil type and natural soil drainage conditions. Results showed that N surplus leached almost completely from the root zone of arable land on the most vulnerable soils, that is, deep, welldrained sandy soils (95% confidence interval of NLF 0.80-0.99), while for grassland only half of the N surplus leached from the root zone of grassland (0.39-0.49). The NLF for grassland decreased with 0.015 units/year, which is postulated to be due to a decreased grazing and increased year-round housing of dairy cows. NLFs are positively correlated with precipitation surplus (0.05 units/100 mm for dairy farms and 0.10 units/100 mm for arable farms). Therefore, an increase in precipitation due to climate change may lead to an increase in leaching of nitrate.

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Section: Use Of Nlfs For Deriving Environmentally Sound N Use Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relationship Between Nlf and N Surplus/timementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of long-term monitoring data to derive a relationship between nitrogen surplus and nitrate leaching for grassland and arable land on well-drained sandy soils in the Netherlands

Fraters

Leeuwen

Boumans

et al. 2015

Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Sc

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“…Intensively managed grasslands in North-West Europe are usually fertilised four to seven times a year, combined with two to four cattle slurry applications (Unwin and Vellinga 1994;Schröder et al 2007). Therefore, the current practice might require a specific emission factor, other than the IPCC default.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

et al. 2008

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Fertiliser and manure application are important sources of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions from agricultural soils. The current default IPCC emission factor of 1.0% is independent of the type of fertiliser and manure, and application time, method and rate. However, in the IPCC Tiered system it is possible to use more specific emission factors that better reflect the actual fertiliser and manure management in a given country or region. The first and primary aim of this study was to determine whether the combination of cattle slurry injection with fertiliser application, which is common practice in intensively managed grasslands in the Netherlands and neighbouring countries, warrants an adjusted emission factor. A second aim was to evaluate whether alternative emission factors, based on N uptake and N surplus, respectively, give more insight in the N 2 O emission rates of various fertilisation strategies. In a 2-year field experiment on sandy soil in the Netherlands we measured the annual N 2 O emission from grasslands receiving repeated simultaneous applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O fluxes and N uptake by grass were measured from plots receiving calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at four application rates, either with or without additional application of liquid cattle slurry, applied through shallow soil injection. The average emission factor for fertiliser-only treatments was 0.15%. The annual N 2 O emissions were similar for treatments receiving only fertiliser or only cattle slurry. In the first experimental year, application of cattle slurry increased the emission factor for fertiliser to 0.35%, but the second year showed no effect of cattle slurry on the emission from fertiliser. With regard to the first objective, we conclude that these results do not conclusively justify an adjusted emission factor for combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. To minimise risks however, it is sensible to avoid simultaneous application of fertiliser and cattle slurry. The N 2 O emission factor expressed as percentage of kg N uptake by grass was consistently higher after combined application of fertiliser and cattle slurry (0.29%), compared to fertiliser-only (0.17%). With regard to the second objective we conclude that an emission factor based on N uptake expresses the relatively inefficient N supply of cattle slurry to crop growth better than the traditional emission factor based on N application.

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“…Specific application rates are developed to ensure maximum nitrate-N surpluses which leach to the groundwater. Under steady state conditions, the nitrate concentration in the percolating soil solution is calculated as this N-surplus divided by the annual winter precipitation surplus, and meets the target value in the shallow groundwater (Schröder et al, 2004). The crop specific application rates are defined for every crop grown outdoors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop Specific Application Rates of Nitrogen for Soil-Grown Crops in Greenhouses to Protect the Groundwater

Pronk¹,

Marcelis²,

Voogt³

2007

Acta Hortic.

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In a desk study, nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates were studied and Nconcentrations at one meter depth or at the drain were estimated for Chrysanthemum grown in twelve greenhouse cropping systems, differing in soil type, supplemental lighting and transmissivity. Two N-saving strategies were also studied of which one estimated the N-concentration in the irrigation water to comply with the EU target value of 11.3 mg N L . The Nsaving strategies reduced the N-surplus but none of the estimated N-concentrations were below the target value. Growers affect both the N-surplus and the irrigation surplus. Predefined concentrations are therefore not met if only N-fertilizers are regulated through crop specific application rates. Guidelines on irrigation applications need to be provided as well.

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Permissible manure and fertilizer use in dairy farming systems on sandy soils in The Netherlands to comply with the Nitrates Directive target

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Use of long-term monitoring data to derive a relationship between nitrogen surplus and nitrate leaching for grassland and arable land on well-drained sandy soils in the Netherlands

Use of long-term monitoring data to derive a relationship between nitrogen surplus and nitrate leaching for grassland and arable land on well-drained sandy soils in the Netherlands

Nitrous oxide emissions from multiple combined applications of fertiliser and cattle slurry to grassland

Crop Specific Application Rates of Nitrogen for Soil-Grown Crops in Greenhouses to Protect the Groundwater

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