Permissible Composition and Concentration of Irrigation Water

Kelley, W. P.

doi:10.1061/taceat.0005384

Cited by 94 publications

(90 citation statements)

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“…The data suitability is tested using KMO (> 0.5) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (p < 0.05) before implementing PCA, and tests outcome were satisfactory for PCA (Kim et al 2016). We are selected the principal Table 5 The values calculated of relative weight ( W i ) of various irrigation water quality parameters and the permissible standard values notified by to (Kelley 1941;Richards 1954;Wilcox 1955;SZABOLCS 1964;Todd and Mays 1980;Ayers and Westcot 1985;WHO 2011) All parameter unit in meq/l except for EC (µmhos/cm), NO 3 in (mg/l) and pH (dimensionless)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the W i Q i is the sub-index value of the ith water quality parameter, W i is the relative weight associated with the ith parameter, and Q i is the quality rating scale for each parameter. Q i is estimated by the ratio of the monitored concentration of ith parameter to its respective permissible value for irrigation uses according to (Kelley 1941;Richards 1954;Wilcox 1955;SZABOLCS 1964;Todd and Mays 1980;Ayers and Westcot 1985; WHO 2011) (Table 5), and the results multiplied by 100 as Eq. 4.…”

Section: Equal Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several researchers were developed various indicators to evaluate the quality of water destined for irrigation, including electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium percentage (Na%), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC),) magnesium hazards (MH), and permeability index (PI) (Kelley 1941;Richards 1954;Wilcox 1955;Szabolcs 1964;Todd and Mays 1980;Selvam 2015;Singaraja et al 2015;Sashikkumar et al 2017). Furthermore, the parameters are entirely subjective and often incapable of precisely determining the quality of irrigation water (Singh et al 2018a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

2021

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Deterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equal Importancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

2021

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“…Sodium measured against total calcium and magnesium is considered as Kelly's ratio (KR). KR of above (KR>1) indicates an excess level of sodium in waters (Kelly, 1940). Therefore, waters with a KR of <1 is fit for irrigation, while waters those with KR<1 are unfit for irrigation (Sundaray et al 2009).…”

Section: Kelly's Ratio (Kr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of GIS in Hydrogeochemical Study and Quality Status From Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Arumugam

Sivakumar

Kulandaisamy

et al. 2021

Preprint

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This study focused on hydrogeochemical characterisation and groundwater quality deterioration based on drinking, irrigation purposes in Pudukottai district. Eighty-seven groundwater samples were collected from the bore and dug wells during pre and post monsoon seasons in the year 2019. The order of mean abundance of ions is followed as C l > HCO3 > Na > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (325.5 > 182.2 > 181.4 > 83.2 > 51.1 > 35.8> 9.1 > 8.6 > o.9 > 0.3) and Cl > Na > HCO3 > SO4 > Mg > Ca > K (415.7 > 230.3 > 198.2 > 82.9 > 53.8 > 43.4 > 14.9) in both seasons. Analytical results are used in Piper, Gibbs, Na% vs. EC, USSL, and PI to evaluate the hydrogeochemical processes. Rock water interaction and evaporation processes causing variations in hydrogeochemistry of the study area during pre and postmonsoon. Nearly 15 % of the groundwater samples were not permissible for drinking based on the standard, which is distributed in south eastern region of the study area. It is revealed from Na%, SAR, RSC, MgC and KR results that majority of the groundwater samples are fit for irrigation uses. The higher concentration of EC, TDS, Cl and Na values noted in south region due to the sea water intrusion that attributed by excess pumping in the coastal regions. The drinking water quality index (DWQI) and irrigation water quality index (IRWQI) are calculated to identify the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigation purposes. However, this research concludes that the groundwater quality of maximum part in the district is appropriate for drinking as well as agriculture which can be used for the sustainable growth. It is also recommended implementing the artificial recharge techniques to improve the groundwater quality.

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“…Magnesium ratio was calculated by using Eq. ( 4 Kelly's Ratio (KR) Kelly (1940) classified irrigation water quality according to the concentrations of Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions. The Kelly's ratio of equal to or less than 1 is express of good quality water for irrigation whereas above 1 is indicate of unsuitability for irrigation water due to alkali hazards (Karanth, 1987).…”

Section: Magnesium Ratio (Mr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazar Gölü Havzasında (Elazığ, Türkiye) Sulama Suyu Kullanımı için Su Kalite Değerlendirmesi

Çeliker¹,

Parlakyildiz

Öztürk

2020

Türk Tarım Ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi

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The goal of this work was to research the suitability of water sources for agricultural use in the Lake Hazar Basin For this purpose, samples are taken from 61 locations during the wet period and 60 locations during the dry period in 2015 and analyzed pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, chloride and sulfate parameters. Based on these analyses sodium percentage (Na%), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), magnesium ratio (MR), permeability index (PI) and Kelly's ratio (KR) were calculated. Also, the usability of groundwater in agricultural activities is evaluated according to Wilcox and United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) Diagrams. The EC, SAR, Na%, RSC, PI, KR and MR values revealed that suitability of waters as irrigation water, except for a few locations close to the lake. Similar results were obtained from classifications made according to USLL and Wilcox diagrams. The thematic maps of water quality parameters displayed that the groundwater quality decreases along the flow path from high elevations to lake level.

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Permissible Composition and Concentration of Irrigation Water

Cited by 94 publications

References 0 publications

Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

Use of GIS in Hydrogeochemical Study and Quality Status From Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Hazar Gölü Havzasında (Elazığ, Türkiye) Sulama Suyu Kullanımı için Su Kalite Değerlendirmesi

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