Permian-Early Triassic tectonics and stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in northwestern Mozambique

Bicca, Marcos Müller; Philipp, Ruy Paulo; Jelinek, Andréa Ritter; Ketzer, João Marcelo Medina; Scherer, Claiton Marlon dos Santos; Jamal, D.; Reis, Adriano Domingos dos

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.03.003

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Karoo Supergroup rocks filled these rift basins located on tectonically active Basement formations, including the emplacement of dolerite dykes and sills of lower Jurassic age (Vasconcelos et al, 2014). Bicca et al (2017) note that evidence for a tectonically active Basement is well recorded by various geological discontinuities within early Permian Karoo Supergroup formations. Anticlines and synclines, striking NW-SE, occur inside the graben, and longitudinal-, concentric-, drag-, and transverse-faults also occur within the basin (Vasconcelos et al, 2014).…”

Section: Physiography and Climatementioning

confidence: 83%

Hydrogeological characterisation of regional faults and dolerite dykes in the Precambrian Basement and Karoo Supergroup (Tete Province, Mozambique)

Minnaar

Dippenaar

2019

South African Journal of Geology

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Faults and dolerite dykes within Basement- and Karoo-aquifers in northern Mozambique may increase groundwater occurrence but may also be barriers to groundwater flow. Should observation boreholes drilled into regional and local faults as well as dykes show a response to aquifer testing, it would be deduced that these hydrogeological discontinuities are not barriers to groundwater flow. The approach adopted for this study included a sequential process involving data acquisition through a hydrogeological fieldwork programme consisting of geophysical surveys, borehole drilling, aquifer testing, and groundwater level monitoring. The Zambezi Border and geological contact faults were characterised by high variability in hydraulic properties. Aquifer testing resulted in drawdown in observation boreholes as well as a reduction in piezometric surface in the installed vibrating wire piezometers located in different aquifer units, indicating the Zambezi Border- and geological contact-faults were not barriers to groundwater flow. Not all the northwest-southeast trending dykes acted as barriers to groundwater flow, as there were discreet intervals with relatively high permeability present.

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Section: Physiography and Climatementioning

confidence: 83%

Hydrogeological characterisation of regional faults and dolerite dykes in the Precambrian Basement and Karoo Supergroup (Tete Province, Mozambique)

Minnaar

Dippenaar

2019

South African Journal of Geology

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“…Karoo-type basins formed in intra-and inter-cratonic settings by rift-related extension. In the Tuli and Mid-Zambezi basins of Zimbabwe, glacial deposits are overlain by Permian sandstones and coal-bearing mudrocks, followed by 0.5-km-thick Triassic redbeds and pebbly sandstones (Bicca et al 2017). Karoo sedimentation was terminated by flood-basalt eruptions recorded throughout southern Africa in the Early Jurassic (Svensen et al 2012).…”

Section: Geologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Segmented Zambezi Sedimentary System from Source to Sink: 1. Sand Petrology and Heavy Minerals

Garzanti

Pastore

Resentini

et al. 2021

The Journal of Geology

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The Zambezi River rises at the center of southern Africa, flows across the low-relief Kalahari Plateau, meets Karoo basalt, plunges into Victoria Falls, follows along Karoo rifts, and pierces through Precambrian basement to eventually deliver its load onto the Mozambican passive margin. Reflecting its polyphase evolution, the river is subdivided into segments with different geological and geomorphological character, a subdivision finally fixed by man's construction of large reservoirs and faithfully testified by sharp changes in sediment composition. Pure quartzose sand recycled from Kalahari desert dunes in the uppermost tract is next progressively enriched in basaltic rock fragments and clinopyroxene. Sediment load is renewed first downstream of Lake Kariba and next downstream of Lake Cahora Bassa, documenting a stepwise decrease in quartz and durable heavy minerals. Composition becomes quartzofeldspathic in the lower tract, where most sediment is supplied by high-grade basements rejuvenated by the southward propagation of the East African rift. Feldspar abundance in Lower Zambezi sand has no equivalent among big rivers on Earth and far exceeds that in sediments of the northern delta, shelf, and slope, revealing that provenance signals from the upper reaches have ceased to be transmitted across the routing system after closure of the big dams. This high-resolution petrologic study of Zambezi sand allows us to critically reconsider several dogmas, such as the supposed increase of mineralogical "maturity" during long-distance fluvial transport, and forges a key to unlock the rich information stored in sedimentary archives, with the ultimate goal to accurately reconstruct the evolution of this mighty river flowing across changing African landscapes since the late Mesozoic. 3"A river or a drainage basin might best be considered to have a heritage rather than an origin.It is like an organic form, the product of a continuous evolutionary line through time."

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“…Glacially incised valleys and striated pavements across Namibia as well as fluvial systems across southern Africa all indicate westward paleoflow across southern Africa and toward the Paraná Basin, thus confirming an African source for the glaciogenic deposits of the Rio do Sul Formation (Figs. 2A and 5;Martin, 1981;Visser, 1987Visser, 1989Bicca et al, 2017;Andrews et al, 2019;Le Heron et al, 2019).…”

Section: Reconstruction Of Paleo-ice Extent and Drainage Across Sw Gondwanamentioning

confidence: 99%

High-latitude ice and climate control on sediment supply across SW Gondwana during the late Carboniferous and early Permian

et al. 2021

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The response of sediment routing to climatic changes across icehouse-to-greenhouse turnovers is not well documented in Earth’s pre-Cenozoic sedimentary record. Southwest Gondwana hosts one of the thickest and most laterally extensive records of Earth’s penultimate icehouse, the late Paleozoic ice age. We present the first high-resolution U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion−isotope dilution−thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) analysis of late Paleozoic ice age deposits in the Kalahari Basin of southern Africa, which, coupled with existing CA-ID-TIMS zircon records from the Paraná and Karoo Basins, we used to refine the late Paleozoic ice age glacial history of SW Gondwana. Key findings from this work suggest that subglacial evidence in the Kalahari region is restricted to the Carboniferous (older than 300 Ma), with glacially influenced deposits culminating in this region by the earliest Permian (296 Ma). The U-Pb detrital zircon geochronologic records from the Paraná Basin of South America, which was located downstream of the Kalahari Basin in the latest Carboniferous and Permian, indicate that large-scale changes in sediment supplied to the Paraná were contemporaneous with shifts in the SW Gondwana ice record. Gondwanan deglaciation events were associated with the delivery of far-field, African-sourced sediments into the Paraná Basin. In contrast, Gondwanan glacial periods were associated with the restriction of African-sourced sediments into the basin. We interpret the influx of far-field sediments into the Paraná Basin as an expansion of the catchment area for the Paraná Basin during the deglaciation events, which occurred in the latest Carboniferous (300−299 Ma), early Permian (296 Ma), and late early Permian (<284 Ma). The coupled ice and detrital zircon records for this region of Gondwana present opportunities to investigate climate feedbacks associated with changes in freshwater and nutrient delivery to late Paleozoic ocean basins across the turnover from icehouse to greenhouse conditions.

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Permian-Early Triassic tectonics and stratigraphy of the Karoo Supergroup in northwestern Mozambique

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Hydrogeological characterisation of regional faults and dolerite dykes in the Precambrian Basement and Karoo Supergroup (Tete Province, Mozambique)

Hydrogeological characterisation of regional faults and dolerite dykes in the Precambrian Basement and Karoo Supergroup (Tete Province, Mozambique)

The Segmented Zambezi Sedimentary System from Source to Sink: 1. Sand Petrology and Heavy Minerals

High-latitude ice and climate control on sediment supply across SW Gondwana during the late Carboniferous and early Permian

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