Permeable Synthetic Covers for Controlling Emissions from Liquid Dairy Manure

VanderZaag, Andrew; Gordon, Robert J.; Jamieson, Rob; Burton, David L.; Stratton, Glenn W.

doi:10.13031/2013.29544

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The results summarised in Table 2 clearly highlight the effect of climatic conditions, with warmer ambient temperatures in particular always causing significantly (P<0.05) higher nitrogen losses than cooler temperatures. Compared to the losses observed in the present study, VanderZaag et al (2009) measured TKN losses that were approximately 20% lower during a 5-month storage of dairy slurry. Probably these differences can be related to the lower temperatures in Canada than in Italy, and to the longer storage period that was used in the present study.…”

Section: Articlecontrasting

confidence: 81%

Nutrient losses from cattle co-digestate slurry during storage

Perazzolo

Mattachini

Tambone

et al. 2016

J Agricult Engineer

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Among environmental issues related to intensive livestock activity, emissions to air from manure management are of increasing concern. Thus the knowledge of the effect of treatment application on subsequent emissions from manure is required to assess the environment impact of management solutions. This work addresses the effect of anaerobic digestion and phase separation on emissions during storage by studying nitrogen losses from lab-scale stores and field pilot-scale stores of a co-digestate cattle slurry and its respective separated fractions. Lab-scale experiment was carried in temperature-controlled room where each fraction (untreated, separated liquid and separated solid) was stored in duplicate for a period of 32 days in 30 L vessel. Pilot-scale experiment was carried out both during the cold season and during warm season for 90 days of storage. In both experimentations samples of the manure were analysed periodically for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total ammonia nitrogen, dry matter and volatile solids and pH. These analyses allow estimating nitrogen losses in different storage conditions. Effects of mechanical separation and season were assessed by ANOVA (Wilcoxon test, P<0.05). In temperature controlled conditions nitrogen losses measured account for 13% and 26% of TKN for unseparated and separated slurries respectively. In field conditions during cold season nutrient losses were limited. On average unseparated and separated slurries lost respectively 6.8% and 12.6% of their initial TKN content. Much higher were the TKN losses from the slurries examined in warm season where losses raised up to 40% of the initial TKN content. Generally mechanical separation increases nutrient losses, but the differences were not significant in field conditions. The results highlighted that nutrient losses, in particular the nitrogen ones, can be considerable especially during summer storage. The latter, in case of separated slurries, are mainly related to the liquid fraction, which is responsible for up 92% of the losses. When phase separation after anaerobic digestion is used, mitigation options, as covers or slurry acidification, are advisable in order to limit the negative environmental impact.

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Section: Articlecontrasting

confidence: 81%

Nutrient losses from cattle co-digestate slurry during storage

Perazzolo

Mattachini

Tambone

et al. 2016

J Agricult Engineer

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“…Compared with the losses observed in the present study, VanderZaag et al (2010b) measured TKN and TOC losses that were approximately 20% lower and 15% higher, respectively, during a 5-mo storage of dairy slurry in Canada. The differences between findings of the current study and that of VanderZaag et al (2010b) could be related (i) to the lower temperatures in Canada (where the average temperature between May and September was 15-20°C) than in Italy, which influenced the state of the surface layer, and (ii) to the longer storage period (5 mo) than that used in the present study (3 mo). Marked differences in TKN losses were observed during winter storage only, when mathematically combined mixed separated fractions lost six times more TKN than unmixed ones (Fig.…”

Section: Effects On Mass Lossescontrasting

confidence: 75%

“…Previous studies found C losses of 14 to 50% from slurry stores (Amon et al, 2007;VanderZaag et al, 2010aVanderZaag et al, , 2010b) and 35 to 70% from manure heaps (Chadwick, 2005;Petersen and Sorensen, 2008;Tittonell et al, 2010). The CH 4 -C losses from manure heaps can range from 0.4% to 10% of total C (Chadwick, 2005;Webb et al, 2012) but can represent as much as 60 to 70% of total C in raw slurry stores under warm storage conditions (Moset et al, 2012).…”

Section: Nutrient Losses During Winter and Summer Storage Of Separatementioning

confidence: 95%

Nutrient Losses during Winter and Summer Storage of Separated and Unseparated Digested Cattle Slurry

et al. 2017

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Management factors affect nutrient loss during animal manure slurry storage in different ways. We conducted a pilot-scale study to evaluate carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses from unseparated and digested dairy slurry during winter and summer storage. In addition to season, treatments included mechanical separation of digestate into liquid and solid fractions and bimonthly mixing. Chemical analyses were performed every 2 wk for the mixed materials and at the start and end of storage for unmixed materials. The parameters examined allowed us to estimate C and N losses and examine the factors that determine these losses as well as emission patterns. Gas measurements were done every 2 wk to determine the main forms in which gaseous losses occurred. To evaluate the effect of separation, measured losses and emissions of separated liquid and solid fractions were mathematically combined using the mass separation efficiency of the mechanical separator. Nutrient losses were mainly affected by climatic conditions. Losses of C (up to 23%) from unseparated, unmixed digestate and of N (38% from combined separated fractions and from unseparated digestate) were much greater in summer than in winter, when C and N losses were <7%. Mixing tended to significantly increase N losses (P < 0.1) only in winter. Mechanical separation resulted in lower GHG emissions from combined separated fractions than from unseparated digestate. Results indicate that to maximize the fertilizer value of digested slurry, dairy farmers must carefully choose management practices, especially in summer. For separated digestates, practices should focus on storage of the liquid fraction, the major contributor of C and N losses (up to 64 and 90% of total losses, respectively) in summer. Moreover, management practices should limit NH 3 , the main form of N losses (up to 99.5%). Nutrient Losses during Winter and Summer Storage of Separated and Unseparated Digested Cattle SlurryFrancesca Perazzolo,* Gabriele Mattachini, Elisabetta Riva, and Giorgio Provolo M anure slurries from dairy and other livestock production systems are valuable sources of plant nutrients and carbon (C) and are thus a resource for crop producers. Slurry use as fertilizer should be based on its nutrient and C content (considering potential nitrogen [N] and C losses during on-farm storage) to reduce negative environmental impacts . Losses of N and C as ammonia (NH 3 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and methane (CH 4 ) during slurry storage are particularly relevant (Chadwick et al., 2011;Dinuccio et al., 2012) and should be evaluated and minimized via cost-effective mitigation methods.Using the integrated modeling tool MITERRA-EUROPE, Oenema et al. (2007) estimated that in the EU almost 30% of the N excreted in dairy barns is lost during storage. Approximately 63% of the loss was via NH 3 emissions; 23% was lost following nitrification or denitrification as nitric oxide (NO), N 2 O, and N 2 ; and 13% was lost due to leaching and run-off. However, the differences in mean N losses from manure...

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“…Chambers are particularly suited for measuring surface gas fluxes when evaluating manure management practices in controlled pilot-scale experiments at research facilities (Amon et al, 2006;Petersen et al, 2009;VanderZaag et al, 2009VanderZaag et al, , 2010Wood et al, 2012). Important benefits of chambers include their low cost and ease of use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%