Permeability through Cellulose Membranes Grafted with Vinyl Monomers in a Homogeneous System I. Diffusive Permeability through Acrylonitrile Grafted Cellulose Membranes

Nishioka, Noboru; Watase, Keiji; Arimura, Keiji; Kosai, Kouichi; Uno, Masakuni

doi:10.1295/polymj.16.867

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The results obtained in the previous study 23 are also given in this table. In spite of the grafting of hydrophobic MA or MMA, the accessibility values of the grafted products with higher graft polymer content are larger than that of cellulose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose/Synthetic Polymer Blends Containing Graft Copolymers

Nishioka

Yoshida

1992

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The homogeneous grafting of methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate onto cellulose was carried out in a dimethy sulfoxidejparaformaldehyde solvent system. The homopolymer fractions, ungrafted cellulose and attendant synthetic homopolymer, were not extracted from the grafted products. The grafted products are thus regarded as polymer blends containing graft copolymers. The thermal decomposition behavior of the grafted products, cellulose, synthetic polymers, and cellulose/synthetic polymer blends was investigated. The thermal stability of the grafted products with higher graft polymer content decreased much more than that of cellulose and synthetic polymers. The thermal stability of the grafted products with lower graft polymer content and blended samples was almost identical with that of the constituents. The microphase separated structures of the grafted products with higher graft polymer content were fine. The water accessibility of these grafted products was larger than that of cellulose. The difference in thermal decomposition behavior of the grafted and blended samples was correlated to that in compatibility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose/Synthetic Polymer Blends Containing Graft Copolymers

Nishioka

Yoshida

1992

Polym J

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“…It is known that the difference in initiator influences the grafting efficiency (GE) expressing the ratio of weight of graft polymer to that of polymer formed and that the use of AIBN leads to less GE because of the resonance stabilization of its radical fragments. 27 In the AN and MA grafted cellulose membranes, 20 • 22 the difference in GE was remarkable. But it has been reported 23 • 24 · 28 that the chain transfer reactivity of PMMA macroradicals to cellulose is higher than those of PAN and PMA macroradicals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The results of our previous study for the commercial regenerated cellulose membrane, Cuprophan, and the membrane cast from the DMSO solution of cellulose, designated as the cellulose membrane, are also indicated. 20 The permeability through each membrane decreases with increasing molecular weight of the permeant. The permeability of vitamine B 12 through the g-PMMA 3 mem- brane, an APS membrane, is very low.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 The homogeneous symmetrical membranes were prepared by the same method as that described previously. 20 The crude grafting mixtures were cast at room temperature on glass plates, and DMSO and unreacted MMA were allowed to evaporate at about 40°C under reduced pressure for 24 h prior to the coagulation of membranes in water. The DMSO solutions of cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were mixed to give proper blended ratios.…”

Section: Grafting and Membrane Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 Eight solutes of different molecular weights were used. The viscosityaverage molecular weights, Mv, for commercial poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) samples were estimated from the intrinsic viscosities, [17], obtained with benzene at 25.0°C: 25 PEG-IV= 3.1 x 10 3 , PEG-VI=8.0 x 10 3 , and PEG-XX= 3.1 x 10 4 , respectively.…”

Section: Diffusive Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeability through Cellulose Membranes Grafted with Vinyl Monomers in a Homogeneous System IV. Methyl Methacrylate Grafted Cellulose Membranes

Nishioka

Fujimoto

Tachibana

et al. 1987

Polym J

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ABSTRACT:The homogeneous grafting of methyl methacrylate onto cellulose was carried out in a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO}-paraformaldehyde solvent system. Three kinds of membranes were prepared: membranes of graft copolymers using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator (APS membranes), membranes of those using azobisisobutyronitrile, and blended membranes of cellulose and poly(methyl methacrylate). The diffusive permeabilities of solutes through the membranes, the states of water in them, and their microphase separated structures depended on the kind of membrane. The permeabilities of solutes through three kinds of membranes were inferior to those through the membrane cast from the DMSO solution of cellulose. The APS membranes indicated specificity of permeation for vitamine 812, poly(ethylene glycol), and water. It was found that the fine microphase separated structure is essential for the improvement of the permeability through the membranes. The diffusive permeation of solutes through water-swollen membranes is considered to occur through water phases in them. 1 -? But the different states of water are present in membranes. 8 -19 Thus, characterization and quantification of water relating to the permeation of solutes seem significant for clarifying the mechanism of membrane permselectivity. acrylate (MA) as hydrophobic vinyl monomers decreased the water content of the membranes but improved the permeabilities of solutes through them. This was due to the change in the states of water in the membranes and increase in freezing water content.In membranes of different affinity for water, prepared from amphiphilic copolymers of various compositions, the states of water will differ from one another. In our previous studies, 20 -22 cellulose grafted with vinyl monomers in a homogeneous system was used as membrane materials. The permeabilities of solutes through the copolymer membranes and the states of water in them were investigated. The use of acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl In this study, homogeneous grafting onto cellulose was carried out with methyl methacrylate (MMA) which is thought more hydrophobic than AN and MA. The diffusive permeabilities of solutes through the MMA grafted cellulose membranes of various compositions are investigated in relation to the composition, microphase separated structures, and states of water in them.1341

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Thermal decomposition of cellulose/synthetic polymer blends containing grafted products. II. Cellulose/polyacrylonitrile blends

Nishioka¹,

Nakano²,

Hirota³

et al. 1996

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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SYNOPSISThe homogeneous grafting of acrylonitrile onto cellulose was carried out in a dimethyl sulfoxide/paraformaldehyde solvent system. The grafted products were added to cellulose/ polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blends as compatibilizers. The thermal decomposition behavior of the blends was investigated by thermogravimetry. The thermal stability of the blends with higher grafted product content was lower by more than 100°C than that of the blends without grafted product. The accessibility values of the former blends were larger than those of the latter. The microphase-separated structures of the grafted product blends were finer than those without the product. Dynamic mechanical measurements and differential scanning calorimetry were performed to estimate the glass transition temperatures, Tg, of the blends. The variation in Tg was smaller than that in characteristic temperatures determined by thermogravimetry. The difference in thermal decomposition behavior was correlated to that in compatibility. Thermogravimetry was found to be effective for estimating the compatibility in cellulose/PAN blends containing grafted products. 0

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Permeability through Cellulose Membranes Grafted with Vinyl Monomers in a Homogeneous System I. Diffusive Permeability through Acrylonitrile Grafted Cellulose Membranes

Cited by 25 publications

References 30 publications

Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose/Synthetic Polymer Blends Containing Graft Copolymers

Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose/Synthetic Polymer Blends Containing Graft Copolymers

Permeability through Cellulose Membranes Grafted with Vinyl Monomers in a Homogeneous System IV. Methyl Methacrylate Grafted Cellulose Membranes

Thermal decomposition of cellulose/synthetic polymer blends containing grafted products. II. Cellulose/polyacrylonitrile blends

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