Permeability Prediction of Iron Tailings Including Degree of Compaction and Structure

Abstract

The stability of iron tailings dam is affected by the permeability of tailings. Considering the influence of it, it is necessary to analyze the permeability of tailings so as to prevent the recurrence of Brazilian iron tailings dam accidents. Nevertheless, the results of iron tailings permeability from some prediction equations (Terzaghi equation, Hazen equation, and Kozeny equation) cannot be accurate. Iron tailings are various as they can be divided into three categories: (1) silt content is less than 40%; (2) silt content is more than 40%, while clay content is less than 15%; and (3) clay content is more than 15% and less than 30%. Correspondingly, three equations are proposed to calculate the disturbed and iron undisturbed tailings permeability for the three types. And more accurate results come from it. The water-flow paths of the iron tailings are blocked after compaction, and the critical pressure of iron tailings blockage is 200 kPa. Although the porosity is large, some of the pores are isolated from each other when the pressure is larger than 200 kPa. However, porosity becomes too large for permeability calculation after compaction and the calculated permeability gets larger as well (equations (24)–(26)). Correcting the permeability calculation equations is an absolute must. The calculated permeability by the revised equations becomes more accurate (equations (27)–(29)). In fact, the granulometric characteristics necessarily play a vital role in the evolution of the pore interconnections by blocking the water-flow paths and modifying the morphological parameters. More research studies are required to be done in the future.

Experimental Study on Tailings Deposition Distribution Pattern and Sedimentation Characteristics

“…In the meantime, with the increase in fine particle content in tailings, the tailings changed from the single-particle sedimentation pattern to the floc-like sedimentation pattern, indicating that the finer particles make it easier for floc-type sedimentation and consolidation. This pattern can increase the water-retaining performance of tailings while decreasing the overall consolidation strength and may decrease the tailings pond stability. , …”

“…This pattern can increase the water-retaining performance of tailings while decreasing the overall consolidation strength and may decrease the tailings pond stability. 40 , 41 …”

“…This pattern can increase the water-retaining performance of tailings while decreasing the overall consolidation strength and may decrease the tailings pond stability. 40,41 During the tailings sedimentation test process, the rule of coarse on the bottom and fine at the top was observed, which was even significant in groups S 1 and S 2 with a higher coarse particle content. Nonetheless, with the advance of tailings sedimentation and consolidation, the fine particles gradually entered the pores between coarse particles under the action of overburden pressure; as a result, the coarsening effect on the bottom of tailings in groups S 1 and S 2 became weaker, leading to the phenomenon of coarse and fine particle interlayer and cross-stratification (Figure 13).…”