Permeability of the Lucky Strike deep-sea hydrothermal system: Constraints from the poroelastic response to ocean tidal loading

Barreyre, Thibaut; Escartı́n, J.; Sohn, Robert A.; Cannat, Mathilde

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.09.049

Cited by 15 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…However, recording time series of these quantities at the seafloor (i.e., in hydrothermal vent exit fluids) is technically challenging. By contrast, it is much simpler to measure temperature fluctuations in fluids discharging at the seafloor

(|, Δ T_{1} (|, 0, t))

(e.g., Barreyre & Sohn, ; Barreyre et al, ; Fornari et al, ; Larson et al, ; Lilley et al, ; Scheirer et al, ; Sohn, ; Tivey et al, ). We therefore complement our previous solutions with an analytical expression for temperature fluctuations due to tidal loading

(|, Δ T_{j} (|, z, t))

.…”

Section: A Model For Tidal Modulation Of Hydrothermal Systems With Dementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These considerations have motivated a variety of innovative approaches for constraining matrix permeability over meaningful length scales and in young crust (e.g., Crone et al, 2011;Davis et al, 2010;Lowell & Germanovich, 2004;Theissen-Krah et al, 2011;Wilcock & Fisher, 2004;Wilcock & McNabb, 1996;Winslow et al, 2013), including the use of vent exit-fluid temperature and ocean tide (bottom pressure) time series data to model the poroelastic response of the matrix to tidal loading (Barreyre & Sohn, 2016;Barreyre et al, 2014a). These sorts of passive techniques that do not require sampling rocks from below the seafloor provide a cost-effective way to constrain permeability, but to this point it has been difficult to separate variability due to methods from that due to site-specific geology and hydrology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depth‐Dependent Permeability and Heat Output at Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems Across Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading Rates

Barreyre

Olive

Crone

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The permeability of the oceanic crust exerts a primary influence on the vigor of hydrothermal circulation at mid‐ocean ridges, but it is a difficult to measure parameter that varies with time, space, and geological setting. Here we develop an analytical model for the poroelastic response of hydrothermal exit‐fluid velocities and temperatures to ocean tidal loading in a two‐layered medium to constrain the discharge zone permeability of each layer. The top layer, corresponding to extrusive lithologies (e.g., seismic layer 2A) overlies a lower permeability layer, corresponding to intrusive lithologies (e.g., layer 2B). We apply the model to three basalt‐hosted hydrothermal fields (i.e., Lucky Strike, Main Endeavour and 9°46′N L‐vent) for which the seismic stratigraphy is well‐established, and for which robust exit‐fluid temperature data are available. We find that the poroelastic response to tidal loading is primarily controlled by layer 2A permeability, which is about 3 orders of magnitude higher for the Lucky Strike site (∼10−10 m2) than the 9°46′N L‐vent site (∼10−13 m2). By contrast, layer 2B permeability does not exert a strong control on the poroelastic response to tidal loading, yet strongly modulates the heat output of hydrothermal discharge zones. Taking these constraints into account, we estimate a plausible range of layer 2B permeability between ∼10−15 m2 and an upper‐bound value of ∼10−14 (9°46′N L‐vent) to ∼10−12 m2 (Lucky Strike). These permeability structures reconcile the short‐term response and long‐term thermal output of hydrothermal sites, and provide new insights into the links between permeability and tectono‐magmatic processes along the global mid‐ocean ridge.

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(|, Δ T_{1} (|, 0, t))

(|, Δ T_{j} (|, z, t))

.…”

Section: A Model For Tidal Modulation Of Hydrothermal Systems With Dementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depth‐Dependent Permeability and Heat Output at Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems Across Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading Rates

Barreyre

Olive

Crone

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Quantifying these values, and how they change over time, provides key constraints on the hydrological architecture of hydrothermal systems, the evolution of associated ecosystems, long‐term variations in ocean chemistry, and the thermal, physical, and chemical evolution of the oceanic crust [ Canales et al ., ; Cherkaoui et al ., ; Elderfield and Schultz , ; Escartin et al ., ; Lutz et al ., ; Nees et al ., ]. In addition, detailed time‐series measurements of these systems can constrain physical parameters associated with hydrothermal environments [e.g., Barreyre et al ., ; Barreyre and Sohn , ; Dziak et al ., ; Fornari et al ., ; Fujioka et al ., ; Little et al ., ; Scheirer et al ., ; Von Damm and Lilley , ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse venting at the ASHES hydrothermal field: Heat flux and tidally modulated flow variability derived from in situ time‐series measurements

Mittelstaedt

Fornari

Crone

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Time-series measurements of diffuse exit-fluid temperature and velocity collected with a new, deep-sea camera, and temperature measurement system, the Diffuse Effluent Measurement System (DEMS), were examined from a fracture network within the ASHES hydrothermal field located in the caldera of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge. The DEMS was installed using the HOV Alvin above a fracture near the Phoenix vent. The system collected 20 s of 20 Hz video imagery and 24 s of 1 Hz temperature measurements each hour between 22 July and 2 August 2014. Fluid velocities were calculated using the Diffuse Fluid Velocimetry (DFV) technique. Over the 12 day deployment, median upwelling rates and mean fluid temperature anomalies ranged from 0.5 to 6 cm/s and 08C to 6.58C above ambient, yielding a heat flux of 0.29 6 0.22 MW m 22 and heat output of 3.16 2.5 kW. Using a photo mosaic to measure fracture dimensions, the total diffuse heat output from cracks across ASHES field is estimated to be 2.05 6 1.95 MW. Variability in temperatures and velocities are strongest at semidiurnal periods and show significant coherence with tidal height variations. These data indicate that periodic variability near Phoenix vent is modulated both by tidally controlled bottom currents and seafloor pressure, with seafloor pressures being the dominant influence. These results emphasize the importance of local permeability on diffuse hydrothermal venting at mid-ocean ridges and the need to better quantify heat flux associated with young oceanic crust.

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“…Kilometer-scale hydrothermal flow models at MOR proposed a subrange of average permeabilities for the upper crust, 10 −15 and 10 −12 m 2 (Coumou et al, 2008;Driesner, 2010;Hasenclever et al, 2014;Lowell & Germanovich, 2004;Lowell et al, 2013;Theissen-Krah et al, 2011). Finally, a number of recently developed, indirect approaches based on the analysis of the effects of tides on vent temperatures suggested values ranging from 10 −9 to 10 −15 m 2 for a narrow zone around vent sites (Barreyre et al, 2014(Barreyre et al, , 2018Barreyre & Sohn, 2016;Crone et al, 2011). As a result, both the actual permeability and its spatial variation within the upper oceanic crust, dominated by hydrothermal circulation, remain poorly constrained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Fine‐Scale Permeability Structure and Its Control on Hydrothermal Activity Along a Fast‐Spreading Ridge (the East Pacific Rise, 9°43′–53′N) Using Seismic Velocity, Poroelastic Response, and Numerical Modeling

Marjanović

Barreyre

Fontaine

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Along with the intracrustal heat source, crustal permeability is considered as the controlling factor for hydrothermal circulation within zero‐age oceanic crust. To obtain fine‐scale, 2‐D models of upper crustal permeability along the East Pacific Rise 9°50′N, known for prolific hydrothermal activity, we use recently derived high‐resolution seismic velocity and examine a number of the existing velocity‐permeability relationships. To constrain our preferred permeability model, we compare thus derived permeability models with collocated permeability estimates from poroelastic response to tidal loading at L‐vent. Furthermore, using the preferred permeability result, we model hydrothermal convection in 2‐D and find that the distributions of recharge and discharge zones are in good agreement with seafloor observations, including locations of the vent fields. Our results suggest that seismic velocities can be used as a tool for deriving spatial variation of permeability, which must be considered in modeling of hydrothermal flow.

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Permeability of the Lucky Strike deep-sea hydrothermal system: Constraints from the poroelastic response to ocean tidal loading

Cited by 15 publications

References 48 publications

Depth‐Dependent Permeability and Heat Output at Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems Across Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading Rates

Depth‐Dependent Permeability and Heat Output at Basalt‐Hosted Hydrothermal Systems Across Mid‐Ocean Ridge Spreading Rates

Diffuse venting at the ASHES hydrothermal field: Heat flux and tidally modulated flow variability derived from in situ time‐series measurements

Investigating Fine‐Scale Permeability Structure and Its Control on Hydrothermal Activity Along a Fast‐Spreading Ridge (the East Pacific Rise, 9°43′–53′N) Using Seismic Velocity, Poroelastic Response, and Numerical Modeling

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