Permeability coefficients and vapour pressure determination for fragrance materials

Abstract

Objective This study aims to correlate new experimental data relevant to the description of the combined evaporation/permeation process of a perfume applied onto the skin. Methods The vapour pressure data were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TG‐DTA). The Antoine constants and the Clarke and Glew parameters were determined for the same set of fragrance molecules to describe its low vapour pressures at new temperature ranges. The permeability coefficient of a set of 14 fragrance molecules in ethanolic solution was determined by Franz diffusion cell experiments, using porcine skin. The samples were analysed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV visible detector (HPLC/UV). A QSAR model was proposed to correlate the experimental data. Results The Antoine constants were determined and presented low standard deviations. The Clarke and Glew physically significant parameters were obtained along with its statistical analysis. The fitting is good since the magnitude order is in accordance with the literature, associated with the low correlation between the estimated parameters and low standard deviations. The presented correlation, based on a mixture using only ethanol as solvent, showed better results than previous QSAR models with a standard relative deviation (σr) of 0.190, a standard error (SE) of 0.397 and a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.7786. Conclusion The dataset is still small compared to larger and more general QSAR models; however, it is much more specific as to the type of solvent and class of materials studied. This work represents an advance for the modelling of the perfume diffusion process since it specifies important properties that until then had been treated in a more general way.

Perfume and Flavor Engineering: A Chemical Engineering Perspective

“…The release is affected by the interaction between fragrances and ethanol and also by the vapor pressure of the species. Vapour pressure and permeation coefficients in the skin were measured by Almeida et al [ 42 ] for 14 PRM: camphor, carvacrol, carvone, citronellol, eucalyptol, eugenol, geraniol, limonene, linalool, menthol, menthone, tonalide, vanillin and α-pinene. Various models have been proposed to address dermal absorption of fragrances and drugs [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”