“…MA can also change both the pore size and the total accessible pores (porosity) [14,27,29], which might lead to an increase of permeability [3,10,18,30,31] and may also compromise the durability [32,33]. Therefore, the hardened microstructure is a key factor to be considered in evaluating the concrete performance because of its impact on both hardened properties in short term and long term performance [7,18,30,31,34].…”