Permanent, seasonal, and episodic seismic sources around Vatnajökull, Iceland from the analysis of correlograms

Abstract

In this study, we locate and characterise the main seismic noise sources in the region of the Vatnajökull icecap (Iceland). Vatnajökull is the largest Icelandic icecap, covering several active volcanoes. The seismic context is very complex, with glacial and volcanic events occurring simultaneously and the classification between the two can become cumbersome. Using seismic interferometry on continuous seismic data (2011–2019), we calculate the propagation velocities and locate the main seismic sources by using hyperbolic geometry and a grid-search method. We identify and characterise permanent oceanic sources, seasonal glacial-related sources, and episodic volcanic sources. These results give a better understanding of the background seismic noise sources in this region and could allow the identification of seismic sources associated with potentially threatening events in real-time.

VEVCC program for concatenation of volcanic events based on cross-correlation analysis

“…The Volcanic Earthquake and Volcanic Component Catalog, or VEVCC, is a robust program that can recognize and extract volcanic seismic events from continuous data streams [2]. The data that is extracted is guaranteed to be accurate and reliable if the appropriate cross-correlation methods are used [11,20].…”

“…These events can have major implications for the safety and well-being of nearby populations, as they can trigger volcanic eruptions and other harmful phenomena. To effectively mitigate the risks associated with volcano-tectonic events, it is crucial to develop robust and reliable methods for detecting and predicting these events [1][2]. One widely used method for monitoring and detecting volcano-tectonic events is through the analysis of seismic signals [3].…”