Permanent Deformation and Fatigue of Semi Flexible Pavement Incorporating Waste Tire Rubber and Natural Zeolite

Abstract

Due to repeated loads, the pavement structures will experience repeated stresses and strains resulting in permanent deformation even though the working loads are still smaller than the design load. The permanent deformation will lead to cracking and fatigue failure with the life of the pavement. This phenomenon can be reduced by increasing the stiffness, flexibility, durability, stability and water absorption of the pavement. Material modification including the utilization of waste tire rubber (WTR) and natural zeolite is one of the efforts to increase those parameters in semi flexible pavement (SFP). The aim of this study therefore, to assess the deformation and fatigue failure of SFP incorporating WTR and natural zeolite under cyclic loading. The WTR was used as an additive at the level of 3% of asphalt content while natural zeolite was used as cement replacement at the 0, 5, 15 and 25% replacement levels. Permanent deformation tests were conducted by applying wheel tracking loads with the pressure of 6.4 ± 0.15 kg/cm2 on the surface of the specimens with 1260 cycles per hour while fatigue tests were conducted on the simple supported beams with the span length of 30 cm by applying forth point loading at the frequency of 10 Hz. The test results showed that the best performance in sustaining cyclic loading was achieved at the zeolite content of 5%.

Cementitious Grouts for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfaces—A Review

“…This contributes to an increase in the cement grouts' density and, hence, causes an increase in the compressive strength of semi-flexible mixtures. The increase in waste tire rubber powder also causes improvement in compressive strength [109]. The behavior of improvement in flexural strength due to waste tire rubber and zeolite mineral was observed as quite similar to the compressive strength.…”

“…The behavior of improvement in flexural strength due to waste tire rubber and zeolite mineral was observed as quite similar to the compressive strength. The flexural strength of semi-flexible mixtures increased with increasing zeolite content up to 15% [109].…”

“…A study was conducted using waste tire rubber powder (3, 4, 5%) as an additive and activated natural zeolite (0 to 25%) as a cement replacement in cementitious grouts for semi-flexible pavement surfacing [2,109]. The increasing percentage of zeolite mineral from 0 to 15% replacement contributes to the significant increase in compressive strength, while a slight decrease was witnessed beyond 15%.…”

Study of the Effect of Grouting Material Strength on Semiflexible Pavement Material

“…It shows that when the tire rubber powder content is 5% and the zeolite content is 15%, the mechanical properties of SFP are the best. In terms of compressive strength, Hamzani et al [20] injected cement mortars containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% natural zeolite into porous asphalt specimens according to ASTM C670-91a at 14 days of age. Te compressive strength test was carried out on the above, and the test results showed that when the natural zeolite content was 15% and the waste tire rubber content was 5%, the compressive strength reached 15.43 MPa.…”

Fatigue Prediction Model and Stiffness Modulus for Semi-Flexible Pavement Surfacing Using Irradiated Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate-Based Cement Grouts

“…These pavements have the combined advantages of conventionally flexible and rigid pavements for rutting-and moisturerelated damage, joint-free pavement, resistance to fuel spillage, and can be opened to traffic within 24 h [3]. However, the overall performance of semi-flexible pavement is a function of aggregate type and gradation, the composition of cement grout, material stiffness properties, and testing conditions [4].…”