Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker: an Emergency Perspective

Abstract

The number of patients with permanent pacemaker are increasing and may present into the emergency department with a variety of complications and malfunctions. The presence of a pacemaker may also affect management of unrelated medical issues. This article review the complications of the implant procedure, the causes, diagnosis and management of pacemaker malfunction, the pacemaker syndrome, Twiddler's syndrome. Interaction of permanent pacemaker with other medical condition and its implication in Emergency Department environment are also discussed. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2001;8:169-175)

Sudden mode change of permanent pacemaker during living donor liver transplantation - A case report -

“…To minimize this risk, the defibrillation paddle should be located as far as possible from the generator. Additionally, external pacing should be considered for possible pacing failure after defibrillation or cardioversion [ 13 ].…”

In Vivo Stress Analysis of a Pacing Lead From an Angiographic Sequence

“…Similarly, the maximum torsional stress occurs at the outside surface of the wire. f¿"' = GTR (16) where G is the shear modulus of the wire material that G =E/2(\-\-i'). From Eqs.…”

“…The insulation could result in corrosion and fracture of steel conductors. Insulation damage and conductor fracture have been reported in many cases [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”