Permafrost change in Northeast China in the 1950s–2010s

Zhang, Zhongqiong; Wu, Qingbai; Hou, Meiting; Tai, Bowen; An, Yuke

doi:10.1016/j.accre.2021.01.006

Cited by 84 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Numerous studies reported that climate warming has caused rapid permafrost degradation, including the deepening of active layer, northward movement of permafrost boundary and remarkable reduction of the total permafrost area in northern high-latitude regions (Jin et al, 2007;Hollesen et al, 2011;Wisser et al, 2011). In the past 60 years, the southern boundary of predominantly continuous permafrost, predominantly continuous and island permafrost, and sparsely island permafrost regions moved northward by 0-3.4°, 0-5.5°and 0.4-1.1°, respectively; The total area of permafrost in northeast China decreased from 4.8 × 10 5 km 2 to 3.1 × 10 5 km 2 ; In the Da Xing'anling Mountains, especially in the north of 50°N, permafrost degenerated from predominantly continuous permafrost region to discontinuous or sparsely island permafrost region; The areas of three types of permafrost regions decreased by 90.00, 43.40 and 23.80%, respectively; The mean annual surface temperature of Da Xing'anling Mountains and Xiao Xing'anling Mountains increased by 1.2-1.4°C (Zhang et al, 2021). The changes of soil hydrothermal dynamics caused by permafrost degradation will affect soil biogeochemical cycle process (Li et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships With Soil C, N, and P in Peatlands From Different Types of Permafrost Regions, Northeast China

Liu

Song

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Peatland is a key component of terrestrial ecosystems in permafrost regions and have important effects on climate warming. Soil enzymes are involved in biogeochemical cycle of soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), which can be used as early sensitive indicators of soil nutrient changes caused by climate change. To predict the possible effects of permafrost degradation on soil enzymes in peatlands, ten peatlands from three types of permafrost regions along the permafrost degradation sequence (predominantly continuous permafrost region-predominantly continuous and island permafrost region-sparsely island permafrost region) in northeast China were selected to examine the activities of soil invertase, β-glucosidase, urease and acid phosphatase and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties. The results demonstrated that permafrost type had significant effect on soil enzyme activities. Soil enzyme activities in predominantly continuous and island permafrost region were significantly higher than those in sparsely island permafrost region and predominantly continuous permafrost region. The activities of four soil enzymes were higher in 0–15 cm than 15–30 cm soil layer. Soil enzymes activities were positively correlated with soil ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), soil moisture content (SMC), total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), but negatively correlated with soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N). Soil inorganic nitrogen and moisture contents were the main factors affecting soil enzyme activities, with NH4+-N accounted for 41.6% of the variance, SMC 29.6%, and NO3−-N 11.0%. These results suggested that permafrost degradation may change soil enzyme activities by changing soil physicochemical properties. In this study, only 0–30 cm peat soil in permafrost regions was collected during the complete thawing period of permafrost active layer, further studies should be placed on the change of soil enzyme activities in active layer and permafrost layer during freezing and thawing process in the southernmost location of northeast China in the Eurasia permafrost body and boreal forest belt.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships With Soil C, N, and P in Peatlands From Different Types of Permafrost Regions, Northeast China

Liu

Song

Dong

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…The third stage is the compaction and reorganization of soil structure. The typical performance is that after seven freeze-thaw cycles, the characteristics of the microstructure are micro-and fine particles that agglomerate to medium particles, the soil structure is uniform and dense, and the integrity is significantly increased [46,47]. The dynamic characteristics of this stage reach the best.…”

Section: Geofluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Characteristics and Mechanism of the Saturated Compacted Loess under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

et al. 2021

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To study the dynamic characteristics and mechanism of saturated loess after freeze-thaw cycles, a series of laboratory tests including freeze-thaw cycle tests, dynamic triaxial tests, and scanning electron microscope tests of the saturated remolded loess was conducted. The characteristics of the dynamic parameters of the saturated loess after different freeze-thaw cycles were discussed. The characteristics of the microstructure parameters changes were analyzed. The evolution process and mechanism of the microstructure of the remolded loess under freeze-thaw cycles were proposed. The results show that after different freeze-thaw cycles, the dynamic stress-dynamic strain curves of the saturated remolded loess conform to the hyperbolic model; however, the freeze-thaw cycle has a significant effect on the model parameter b . With the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the dynamic shear modulus of saturated remolded loess first decreases and then increases, while the damping ratio is opposite. When saturated remolded loess experiences freeze-thaw cycles greater than four, its dynamic stability is better than that of saturated soil without freeze-thaw cycles. The dynamic stability reaches its peak after seven freeze-thaw cycles and is equivalent to that of saturated soil without freeze-thaw cycles after forty cycles. Combined with the results of the quantitative analysis of microstructure images, with the increase of the freeze-thaw cycles, the number of large and medium particles in the soil reduces, and the number of micros and small particles increases. The particle size tends to be uniform. The apparent porosity increases rapidly and then decreases sharply and tends to be stable after 4 freeze-thaw cycles. The pore and particle fractal dimensions continue to decrease. The probability of entropy increases first and then decreases. It is illustrated that the saturated loess has mainly experienced three steps under freeze-thaw cycles: (1) fracture and expansion of original skeleton cementation, (2) damage, crushing and aggregation of the particle, and (3) compaction and reorganization of soil structure. Besides, the saturation condition significantly accelerates the evolution process of the internal structure of the soil under freeze-thaw cycles. These lead to the strengthening effect of soil dynamic stiffness under long-term freeze-thaw cycles.

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“…Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere (Obu et al 2019), occupying a significant part of the land and sea of the northern hemisphere (Brown et al 1997;Rachold et al 2007), and 17% of the Earth's land surface (Biscaborn et al 2019). Recent studies indicate that the permafrost boundary is gradually shifting from south to north, and its depth is progressively increasing (Zhang et al 2021). The indicators of such a phenomenon as the degradation of permafrost are craters in Yamal (Buldovicz et al 2018), man-made incidents (Norilsk) (Koptev, 2020), and changes in landform (Ji et al 2019;Doloisio et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon Hazard In Permafrost Conditions: Current State Of Research

Puchkov

Yakovlev

Hasson

et al. 2021

GES

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In this paper, we review both practical and theoretical assessments for evaluating radon geohazards from permafrost landforms in northern environments (>60º N). Here, we show that polar amplification (i.e. climate change) leads to the development of thawing permafrost, ground subsidence, and thawed conduits (i.e. Taliks), which allow radon migration from the subsurface to near surface environment. Based on these survey results, we conjecture that abruptly thawing permafrost soils will allow radon migration to the near surface, and likely impacting human settlements located here. We analyze potential geohazards associated with elevated ground concentrations of natural radionuclides. From these results, we apply the main existing legislation governing the control of radon parameters in the design, construction and use of buildings, as well as existing technologies for assessing the radon hazard. We found that at present, these laws do not consider our findings, namely, that increasing supply of radon to the surface during thawing of permafrost will enhance radon exposure, thereby, changing prior assumptions from which the initial legislation was determined. Hence, the legislation will likely need to respond and reconsider risk assessments of public health in relation to radon exposure. We discuss the prospects for developing radon geohazard monitoring, methodical approaches, and share recommendations based on the current state of research in permafrost effected environments.

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Permafrost change in Northeast China in the 1950s–2010s

Cited by 84 publications

References 32 publications

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships With Soil C, N, and P in Peatlands From Different Types of Permafrost Regions, Northeast China

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Relationships With Soil C, N, and P in Peatlands From Different Types of Permafrost Regions, Northeast China

Dynamic Characteristics and Mechanism of the Saturated Compacted Loess under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Radon Hazard In Permafrost Conditions: Current State Of Research

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