Perkembangan Paradigma Epistemologi dalam Filsafat Islam

Abstract

Based on historical reports, Islamic epistemology paradigm has evolved from time to time bringing different schools each other. This paper aims at revealing such differences. Methods employed are philosophical Literary Review where compiled data are analyzed inductively to formulate theoretical constructions. Research findings reveal that peripatetic philosophers highlight their mind as a dominant tool to gain knowledge using demonstrative method (burhānī).Whilst illuminative philosophers, ‘irfāniyyīn, and Sufis believe that knowledge can only be derived from mystical intuition after purification of the heart (qalb) trough practices (riyāḍah). Different schools such as ones held by Mulla Sadra and Abed al-Jabiri are based on those distinctive principles.

Filsafat Kenabian Ibnu Sina dan Murtadha Muthahhari

“…Sedangkan bagian kedua yaitu kenabian level tertinggi, artinya bahwa pada level ini para Nabi membuka realitas yang sejati. Dengan kata lain bahwa akal manusia menjadi alat untuk mencapai wahyu karena akal manusia dapat mengakses segala sesuatu yang tidak dapat diakses oleh indera (Mufid, 2013). Bagi al-Farabi, seorang Nabi yang memiliki kekuatan tersebut tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa daya menghayalnya dapat mencapai puncak kesempurnaan, memperoleh informasi terkait peristiwa-peristiwa masa lalu dan masa datang, serta melihat wujud immaterial yang sempurna (Haeruddin, 2018).…”

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“…Epistemology examines and tries to find the general characteristics and nature of human knowledge, how that knowledge is obtained and tested for truth. The subject matter of epistemology includes the nature and sources of knowledge, methods of obtaining knowledge, and criteria for the validity of knowledge (Mufid, 2013).…”

“…This knowledge is obtained through scientific steps so that a theory emerges and is created (Brakel, 2014). The theory that has been found will continue to be proven by other researchers in order to strengthen the theory or perhaps refine the theory (Mufid, 2013).…”

Konsep Perbaikan Kerusakan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Falsafah Sains Fritjof Capra

“…Etimologi epistemologi berasal dari kata Yunani, yaitu episteme (cara) dan logos (ilmu). Epistemologi merupakan ilmu tentang bagaimana seorang ilmuwan akan membangun ilmunya dengan cara berpikir dekduktif dan induktif, rasional, dan konsisten (Nasoetion, 1999;Suriasumantri, 2000;Surajiyo, 2010;Mufid, 2013;Samiha, 2016;Riwukore dan Habaora, 2018). Memahami epistemologi merupakan serangkaian kegiatan metode ilmiah dan mencari kebenaran kebaruan (novelty).…”