Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System

Troili, Fernanda; Cipollini, Virginia; Moci, Marco; Morena, Emanuele; Palotai, Miklós; Rinaldi, Virginia; Romano, Carmela; Ristori, Giovanni; Giubilei, Franco; Salvetti, Marco; Orzi, Francesco; Guttmann, Charles R.G.; Cavallari, Michele

doi:10.3389/fnana.2020.00017

Cited by 57 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 149 publications

(182 reference statements)

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“…Abnormal muscular sensation is also a contributor to dyspnoea. The respiratory muscles are not intentionally activated in healthy breathing (59)(60)(61). ubiquitination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

Kanwar¹,

Khattak²,

Lee³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background Clinicians in critical care medicine considered dapsone administration to treat SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome. Dapsone is useful in the molecular regulation of Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). Objective To study the targeting of NLRP3 itself or up-/downstream factors of the NLRP3 inflammasome by dapsone must be responsible for its observed preventive effects, functioning as a competitor. Methods This is case series with or without intervention; a cross-sectional study. We set out to use objective criteria of improvement, such as A. a reduction in the FIO2 requirement and B. a decrease in the progression of hypoxia. We treated the patients with standard COVID-19 ARDS treatment with dapsone 100 mg to target NLRP3 inflammasomes. Results The 22 cases were treated with standard COVID-19 therapy with dapsone (trial group), and the 22 cases were the control group. The comparison was made assuming that only decreased FIO2 was influential in the trial and control groups, which applied to only the ARDS onset stage. The chi-square statistic is 5.1836. The p-value is .02280. Fisher’s exact test statistic value is 0.0433. (The result is significant at p < .05) Furthermore, the ARDS-onset mortality rates were 0% (with dapsone) and 40% (without dapsone). Conclusion There was a significant difference in dapsone treatment results in the ARDS-onset group. We confirmed that dapsone clinically treated the onset of ARDS by targeting SARS-CoV-2-activated inflammasomes. Like chemically reacting substances, inflammasome and dapsone are competing, proving that it is only effective in treating early ARDS.

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“…Abnormal muscular sensation is also a contributor to dyspnoea. The respiratory muscles are not intentionally activated in healthy breathing (59)(60)(61). ubiquitination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

Kanwar¹,

Khattak²,

Lee³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Although we cannot completely understand the role of microglia in neurological diseases, we can summarize bene cial or harmful phenomena: bene cial, with the role of microglia as housekeeping phagocytes for maintaining tissue homeostasis, or dangerous, with the role of microglia determining a pro-in ammatory state that results in synaptic dysfunction and elevated secretion of potentially neurotoxic cytokines 16 . DDS passes through the BBB, and high-dose sulfadiazine results in an effective CSF concentration in humans 17 .…”

Section: Dds Readily Passes Through the Blood-brain Barrier (Bbb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Preventive and Treatment of the Neuro-Inflammasome in Sorokdo National Hospital

Lee

Lee²,

Park

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Aim/Background: This study investigated patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) treated with 4,4’-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) as a neuro-inflammasome competitor. Method: The Seoul study analyzed AD, and anti-AD drugs (AADs) in the Sorokdo National Hospital's EDI database archived from January 2005 to June 2020 through the ICD-9 and -10 codes. Result: DDS acts as a neuro-inflammasome competitor; this effect can be inferred by comparing the prevalence of AD in patients who have been prescribed DDS and those who have not. Conclusion: This study suggests the use of neuro-inflammasome therapy as a preventive and therapeutic method for AD.

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“…However, in earlier work, it was suggested that the direction of PVS fluid flow varies in a more unpredictable manner [2]. The anatomy, shape, and structure of perivascular spaces may vary by location and change over time [5]. In particular, there may be persistent and systematic differences between the spaces surrounding pial arteries and veins [9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perivascular fluid flow, of cerebrospinal or interstitial fluid in spaces surrounding brain blood vessels, is recognized as a key component underlying brain transport and clearance [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]. In spite of its potential importance, several aspects of perivascular fluid flow are poorly characterized.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain solute transport is more rapid in periarterial than perivenous spaces

Vinje

Bakker

Rognes

2021

Preprint

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Background: Perivascular fluid flow, of cerebrospinal or interstitial fluid in spaces surrounding brain blood vessels, is recognized as a key component underlying brain transport and clearance. An important open question is how and to what extent differences in vessel type or geometry affect perivascular fluid flow and transport. Methods: Using computational modelling in both idealized and image-based geometries, we study and compare fluid flow and solute transport in pial (surface) periarterial and perivenous spaces. Results: Our findings demonstrate that differences in geometry between arterial and venous pial perivascular spaces (PVSs) lead to higher net CSF flow, more rapid tracer transport and earlier arrival times of injected tracers in periarterial spaces compared to perivenous spaces. Conclusions: These findings can explain the experimentally observed rapid appearance of tracers around arteries, and the delayed appearance around veins without the need of a circulation through the parenchyma, but rather by direct transport along the PVSs.

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Perivascular Unit: This Must Be the Place. The Anatomical Crossroad Between the Immune, Vascular and Nervous System

Cited by 57 publications

References 149 publications

The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

The Method and Results of a Treatment Targeting SARS-CoV-2-Activated Inflammasomes

The Preventive and Treatment of the Neuro-Inflammasome in Sorokdo National Hospital

Brain solute transport is more rapid in periarterial than perivenous spaces

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