Perivascular Ancestors of Adult Multipotent Stem Cells

Abstract

Abstract-Independent studies by numerous investigators have shown that it is possible to harvest multipotent progenitor cells from diverse dissociated and cultured fetal, perinatal, and principally adult developed tissues. Despite the increasingly recognized medical value of these progenitor cells, the archetype of which remains the mesenchymal stem cell, this indirect extraction method has precluded the understanding of their native identity, tissue distribution, and frequency. Consistent with other researchers, we have hypothesized that blood vessels in virtually all organs harbor ubiquitous stem cells. We have identified, marked, and sorted to homogeneity by flow cytometry endothelial and perivascular cells in a large selection of human fetal, perinatal, and adult organs. Perivascular cells, including pericytes in the smallest blood vessels and adventitial cells around larger ones, natively express mesenchymal stem cell markers and produce in culture a long-lasting progeny of multilineage mesodermal progenitor cells.

Distinctive contact between CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and CXCL12+ CD271+ mesenchymal stromal cells in benign and myelodysplastic bone marrow

“…40,41 Nestin expression within subendothelial cells within the vessel wall-internal to the SMA þ VSMP layer but external to the von Willebrand factor þ layer-has recently been reported; 42 we also identified occasional nestin þ , CD34À subendothelial cells. The relationship between these nonendothelial nestin þ vascular wall cells and vessel wall-resident mesenchymal stem or progenitor cell populations 43 is unclear.…”

Brown adipocyte progenitor population is modified in obese and diabetic skeletal muscle

“…The fact that only the CD34/CD31 mRNA ratios were correlated with biological parameters highlights the potential physiological relevance of this ratio. Our observations suggest that the CD34/CD31 ratio may provide a marker for human skeletal muscle brown adipocyte progenitors belonging to the subpopulation of CD34 þ CD31À adventitial mesenchymal stem cells described by Corselli et al 14 However, at present, our observations remain indirect. Future studies should attempt Table 1 and (b) were used.…”

“…The adventitial CD34 þ CD31À cells of fetal and adult organs yielded in vitro a progeny of cells exhibiting the features of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. 14 In consideration of this, we postulated that the brown adipocyte progenitors were CD34 þ CD31À cells. The CD34/ CD31 mRNA ratio would therefore be a potential marker of skeletal muscle brown adipocyte progenitor cells and its value would be independent of changes in vascular/ endothelial cells.…”

Stem cells: novel players in the treatment of erectile dysfunction

“…For example, many HSCs and BMSCs reside along the endosteal surface of trabecular bone in close proximity to both bone-forming osteoblasts and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) [46][47][48] (Figure 1a), the latter of which may facilitate mobilisation of stem cells from bone marrow into the circulation and their return to these niches. 49 During the last few years, the vascular wall has been considered as an important reservoir for different types of stem and progenitor cells; 50,51 Figure 1b).…”