Perivascular adipose tissue: An immune cell metropolis

Saxton, Sophie; Heagerty, Anthony M.; Withers, Sarah

doi:10.1113/ep087872

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…By subjecting human and mouse mesenteric arteries to hypoxia, the loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect can be replicated [ 6 , 16 ]. There is substantial evidence for the role of inflammation in the loss of PVAT function [ 17 ]. Hypoxia-induced loss of anti-contractile function is prevented in the absence of macrophages from the PVAT [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise

Saxton

Toms

Aldous

et al. 2021

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

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Purpose Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) exerts an anti-contractile effect which is vital in regulating vascular tone. This effect is mediated via sympathetic nervous stimulation of PVAT by a mechanism which involves noradrenaline uptake through organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) and β3-adrenoceptor-mediated adiponectin release. In obesity, autonomic dysfunction occurs, which may result in a loss of PVAT function and subsequent vascular disease. Accordingly, we have investigated abnormalities in obese PVAT, and the potential for exercise in restoring function. Methods Vascular contractility to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was assessed ex vivo in the presence of pharmacological tools in ±PVAT vessels from obese and exercised obese mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in expression of β3-adrenoceptors, OCT3 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in PVAT. Results High fat feeding induced hypertension, hyperglycaemia, and hyperinsulinaemia, which was reversed using exercise, independent of weight loss. Obesity induced a loss of the PVAT anti-contractile effect, which could not be restored via β3-adrenoceptor activation. Moreover, adiponectin no longer exerts vasodilation. Additionally, exercise reversed PVAT dysfunction in obesity by reducing inflammation of PVAT and increasing β3-adrenoceptor and OCT3 expression, which were downregulated in obesity. Furthermore, the vasodilator effects of adiponectin were restored. Conclusion Loss of neutrally mediated PVAT anti-contractile function in obesity will contribute to the development of hypertension and type II diabetes. Exercise training will restore function and treat the vascular complications of obesity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise

Saxton

Toms

Aldous

et al. 2021

Cardiovasc Drugs Ther

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“…For example, ENSBTAT00000043749 on chr15 was expressed in VAT and was classified into the GO categories "lipid metabolic process" and "fatty acid biosynthetic process". Open Journal of Animal Sciences Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage organ, but is also highly active in expressing and releasing cytokines and initiating an inflammatory or immune response [25] [26]. We found many DEGs that are involved in immune response-related processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Transcriptional Features of Cattle Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues: A Study of RNA-seq

Duan,

Liu,

Zhang

et al. 2022

OJAS

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Visceral and subcutaneous are the two major types of bovine adipose tissues, and they show metabolic and functional differences according to their distribution, exploring the transcriptional features of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues is necessary. In the present study, we conducted RNA-seq analysis to compare the transcriptome between visceral (great omental) and subcutaneous (backfat) adipose tissues from Chinese Simmental cattle and validate them by qRT-PCR. We found that 5864 genes were differentially expressed between two tissues, including 2979 up-regulated and 2885 down-regulated in visceral adipose tissue. Functional analysis revealed a variety of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism and immune response processes. This may provide valuable information to further our understanding of the complexity of gene regulation governing the physiology of different fat depots. This work highlighted potential genes regulating lipid metabolism and immune responses; it may contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic and functional differences between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues.

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“…PVAT consists of adipocytes that surround most systemic blood vessels, except the cerebral vasculature [ 3 ]. Structurally, PVAT consists of adipocytes, fibroblasts, stem cells, lymphocytes, and macrophages.…”

Section: Perivascular Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies

Rami

Hamid

Anuar

et al. 2022

Mediators of Inflammation

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Initially thought to only provide mechanical support for the underlying blood vessels, perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has now emerged as a regulator of vascular function. A healthy PVAT exerts anticontractile and anti-inflammatory actions on the underlying vasculature via the release of adipocytokines such as adiponectin, nitric oxide, and omentin. However, dysfunctional PVAT produces more proinflammatory adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thus inducing an inflammatory response that contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases. In this review, current knowledge on the role of PVAT inflammation in the development of vascular pathologies such as atherosclerosis and hypertension was discussed.

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Perivascular adipose tissue: An immune cell metropolis

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise

Restoring Perivascular Adipose Tissue Function in Obesity Using Exercise

Transcriptional Features of Cattle Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues: A Study of RNA-seq

Exploring the Relationship of Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inflammation and the Development of Vascular Pathologies

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