Peritonitis

Vas, Stephen I.; Low, Donald E.; Oreopoulos, D. G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2563-7_12

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The incidence of peritonitis was 1.5 episode/year, which is in good agreement with the incidence of peritonitis reported by other groups [5], The most frequently cultured germs were Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 x ) and Staphy lococcus aureus which were responsible for 80% of all peri tonitis cases.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Treatment of Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Co-Trimoxazole

Glasson¹,

Favre²

1984

Nephron

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Peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) represents the most frequent and difficult problem related to this new form of treatment of ESRD patients. Various treatments have been reported previously. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of a standardized initial treatment in 45 episodes of peritonitis. This was designed to be rapidly efficient, devoided of side-effects and easy enough to be performed by the patients themselves. When peritonitis was clinically suspected, patients received intraperitoneal co-trimoxazole (80 mg trimethoprim, 400 mg sulfamethoxazole), in each of the four daily bags concomitantly with 1,000 U heparin during 2 weeks and half of this dose during 2 other weeks. Our results demonstrate that 88% of the isolates were sensitive to co-trimoxazole and 85% of the patients completed this treatment. All were cured and no relapses were observed. Only 18 days of hospitalisation were required in the 45 episodes of peritonitis. Another anti-infective agent was used in 3 cases of gram-negative peritonitis and 4 other initially resistant to co-trimoxazole. It is concluded that initial treatment of CAPD peritonitis with co-trimoxazole is justified by the high proportion of sensitive germs and that it represents a safe, efficient and inexpensive treatment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…It is also relevant to consider the length of treatment. Some previously mentioned treatment protocols report of much shorter duration [5] or only con sider a negative culture of the outflow [7]. Our group of patients did present no relapses and no serious complica tions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Treatment of Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Co-Trimoxazole

Glasson¹,

Favre²

1984

Nephron

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“…Infection of an arterial prosthesis is a rare but often catastrophic complication of vascular reconstructive sur gery [13], which occurs in about 2% of cases [14][15][16], Due to altered cellular immunity [17] the risk of infection is increased and peritonitis is relatively frequent in uremic CAPD patients [18]. As patients with intra-abdominal prosthetic vascular grafts on CAPD might have a higher risk of graft infection during peritonitis episodes, intra abdominal prosthetic vascular graft surgery has been con sidered as a contraindication to CAPD by some physi cians [5,6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients after Infra-Abdominal Prosthetic Vascular Graft Surgery

Maccario

Vecchi

Scalamogna

et al. 1997

Nephron

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The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after intra-abdominal prosthetic vascular graft surgery. We report 8 consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease, who previously underwent intra-abdominal prosthetic aortic graft replacement, treated by CAPD between November 1983 and November 1994. All patients received a peritoneal dialysis catheter without technical problems and were dialyzed for a total of 208 months. Six episodes of peritonitis occurred in 4 patients without clinical evidence of any abdominal aortic graft infection. Three patients developed intermittent claudication and 2 died of myocardial infarct. A similar peritonitis and cardiovascular complication rate was observed in a control group of age- and sex-matched CAPD patients with no aortic prosthesis. We conclude that CAPD is feasible in patients with abdominal aortic prosthesis.

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“…The major complication of this dialysis method is the frequency of episodes of peritonitis. These infective episodes are usually caused by gram-positive staphylococci, but other organisms, including gram-negative bacteria and fungi, have been implicated (22).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Moxalactam kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after intraperitoneal administration

Jones¹,

Milne²,

Mudaliar³

et al. 1985

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Moxalactam kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was followed in eight patients after a single intraperitoneal dose of 1 g. Approximately 60% of the dose was absorbed after a dwell time of 4 h. Dialysis solutions were exchanged at 4-h intervals with an overnight dwell of 8 h. The mean (± standard deviation) elimination half-life was 13.2 2.9 h, and the mean apparent volume of distribution was 0.22 ± 0.08 liters/kg. Mean total clearance was 11.5 2.4 ml/min, with a mean dialysis clearance of 2.3 ± 0.5 ml/min. The maximum concentration in plasma ranged from 24.5 to 54.1 ,ug/ml. Moxalactam concentrations in the peritoneal dialysis fluid were above 80 ,ug/ml during the first exchange and above 2 ,Ig/ml for a further three exchanges. A suggested intraperitoneal dose regimen for patients undergoing CAPD is 1 g initially, followed by 15 to 25% of the recommended dose for normal patients given at the same time intervals, or 30 to 50% of the recommended dose at twice the usual intervals. Moxalactam is suggested for initial treatment of peritonitis in CAPD patients who do not have ready access to the antibiotic of choice.

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Peritonitis

Cited by 33 publications

References 62 publications

Treatment of Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Co-Trimoxazole

Treatment of Peritonitis in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients with Co-Trimoxazole

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients after Infra-Abdominal Prosthetic Vascular Graft Surgery

Moxalactam kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after intraperitoneal administration

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