Summary
In this paper we have tried to discuss the optimal approach to prevention and treatment of peritonitis. Because prevention involves the knowledge of factors predisposing to peritonitis, we have examined some potential factors. Data are, however, very limited in this area.
The optimal management should be tailored to the patient. Basic guidelines are suggested, though a variety of successful approaches are used at different pediatric centers. One has to remember that overzealous treatment with antibiotics may be associated with candida infection, further complicating the treatment of peritonitis. Improvement of the dialysis technique, optimal home care, early identification of exit‐site infection and its management, increased use of CCPD or NIPD and optimal antibiotic management will prevent recurrent episodes of peritonitis and their associated complications.