Peritoneal Cavity Lymphatics

Mactier, Robert; Khanna, Ramesh

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1085-0_4

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Controversy exists in the literature as to whether peritoneal lym phatic drainage should be calculated as the appearance in blood or the disappearance from the peritoneal cavity of i.p. adminis tered tracers, since, as we have already seen above, these quantities often do not equal each other [74][75][76][77], Controversy also exists in the literature as to the nature of the tracer that should be used for the indirect measurement of the perito neal lymphatic flow rate [2], Tracers used in previous studies include l25I-HSA and l25I-F. among others, and the advantages and disad vantages of each have been outlined [2]. The major point of contention is the possible tis sue uptake particularly in the anterior abdom inal wall [8], previously documented for 125I-HSA [10] and |25I-F [8], and now demon strated for soluble FITC-D tracers as well.…”

Section: Calculation Of Peritoneal Lymphatic Drainage Rate In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic and Nonlymphatic Pathways of Peritoneal Absorption in Mice: Physiology versus Pathology

Nagy

1992

Blood Purif

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In conjunction with our studies of the pathogenesis of malignant ascites formation, we have analyzed the transperitoneal transport of macromolecules in mice. In this review, I summarize our experimental results concerning the influx (transport from the blood to the peritoneal cavity) and efflux (transport from the peritoneal cavity to the blood) of a number of different tracers [fluorescein-labeled dextrans (FITC-D), ⁵¹Cr-RBC, ¹²⁵I-HSA, and ¹²⁵I-fibrinogen]. We examined tracer transport in ascites tumor-bearing animals as a function of tumor growth and compared our results with transport properties obtained in normal awake mice and in mice that had received an intraperitoneal injection of a solution of 5% bovine serum albumin to simulate the protein-rich fluid accumulation associated with ascites tumor growth in the peritoneum. Our results indicate that both increased influx as well as impaired efflux are required to initiate and maintain tumor ascites fluid accumulation. To test the hypothesis that increased influx reflected increased vascular permeability, we monitored transport of intravenously injected FITC-D tracers (FITC-D) into the peritoneal cavity by fluorescence microscopy. To investigate the mechanisms involved in the decreased efflux, we determined tracer efflux rates both as the rate of appearance in the blood and as the rate of disappearance from the peritoneal cavity. We compared these transport properties for both soluble as well as particulate tracers. Our results indicate that there are additional routes of egress available to soluble macromolecules not available to particulate tracers such as ⁵¹Cr-RBC, and that in ascites tumor-bearing animals, the lymphatic pathway is shut off rather rapidly as judged by the decreased rate of ⁵¹Cr-RBC removal. By fluorescence microscopy we observed the interstitial tissue uptake of intraperitoneally injected soluble macromolecules (FITC-D) in the parietal peritoneal wall, particularly in animals with an increased intraperitoneal pressure, thereby confirming additional nonlymphatic pathways of peritoneal absorption in mice. Finally, we used the particulate tracer ⁵¹Cr-RBC to estimate the peritoneal lymphatic drainage rate, yielding a value of 1.6 µl/min in normal awake mice based on the rate of tracer disappearance from the peritoneum.

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Section: Calculation Of Peritoneal Lymphatic Drainage Rate In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic and Nonlymphatic Pathways of Peritoneal Absorption in Mice: Physiology versus Pathology

Nagy

1992

Blood Purif

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“…Model 1 was rejected on the basis of non-randomly distributed residual errors. Model 2 was rejected on the basis of the unphysiological estimate of the lymphatic flow rate; a median lymphatic flow rate of 7.0 ml/min seems unrealistic (Mactier & Khanna, 1989). Models 4 and 5 were rejected on the basis of non-randomly distributed residual errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transport of phosphate between the plasma and dialysate compartments in peritoneal dialysis is influenced by an electric potential difference

Graff

Fugleberg

Brahm

et al. 1996

Clinical Physiology

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Six kinetic models of transperitoneal phosphate transport were formulated and validated on the basis of experimental results obtained from 22 non-diabetic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The models were designed to elucidate the presence or absence of diffusive, non-lymphatic convective, and lymphatic convective phosphate transport. Calculations allowed for a 20% protein binding of phosphate. The validation procedure demonstrated that only diffusive and non-lymphatic convective phosphate transport mechanisms were identifiable. A lymphatic convective phosphate transport mechanism was not identifiable. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the electrochemical gradient between plasma water and dialysate favours the diffusive phosphate transport, and both electric and chemical potentials must be taken into account in calculations of the transperitoneal phosphate transport.

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“…The influence of lymphatic absorption on ultrafiltration and solute mass transfer dur ing peritoneal dialysis has been ignored until recently [33,34], Before the advent of CAPD, lymphatic absorption rates from the peritoneal cavity were known to be high enough to permit the successful use of intra peritoneal blood transfusions in children and neonates [35], and exceeded 50 ml/h in patients with ascites unless the subdiaphragmatic or mediastinal lymphatics were oc cluded by tumour or fibrosis [36]. Lym phatic absorption greatly reduces the poten tial net ultrafiltration volume during CAPD and reduces solute clearances in proportion to the decrease in the daily peritoneal ef fluent drain volume [33,34].…”

Section: Peritoneal Transport Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lym phatic absorption greatly reduces the poten tial net ultrafiltration volume during CAPD and reduces solute clearances in proportion to the decrease in the daily peritoneal ef fluent drain volume [33,34]. By neglecting the loss of ultrafiltration and solute mass transfer due to continuous absorption of in traperitoneal fluid via the peritoneal lym phatics, the efficiency of the peritoneum as a dialysing membrane has been underesti mated [37,38], Nevertheless, the dialysis solutions currently available for CAPD have evolved to offset lymphatic drainage and thereby achieve adequate daily peritoneal ul trafiltration and solute clearances in most CAPD patients.…”

Section: Peritoneal Transport Kineticsmentioning

confidence: 99%