Perirenal Fat: A Unique Fat Pad and Potential Target for Cardiovascular Disease

Liu, Bo-Xun; Sun, Wei; Kong, Xiangqing

doi:10.1177/0003319718799967

Cited by 93 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Intrauterine programming of adiposity by thyroid hormones has implications for adult insulin sensitivity and metabolic disease (17). Cross talk between adipose tissue, especially PAT (18), liver, and skeletal muscle may be mediated by adiposederived factors, such as free fatty acids and adipocytokines. In adult humans, PAT thickness has been correlated with increased risk of conditions, including hypertension, fatty liver, and coronary heart disease (18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Deficiency Before Birth Alters the Adipose Transcriptome to Promote Overgrowth of White Adipose Tissue and Impair Thermogenic Capacity

Harris

Blasio

Zhao

et al. 2020

Thyroid

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Background: Development of adipose tissue before birth is essential for energy storage and thermoregulation in the neonate and for cardiometabolic health in later life. Thyroid hormones are important regulators of growth and maturation in fetal tissues. Offspring hypothyroid in utero are poorly adapted to regulate body temperature at birth and are at risk of becoming obese and insulin resistant in childhood. The mechanisms by which thyroid hormones regulate the growth and development of adipose tissue in the fetus, however, are unclear. Methods: This study examined the structure, transcriptome, and protein expression of perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) in a fetal sheep model of thyroid hormone deficiency during late gestation. Proportions of unilocular (UL) (white) and multilocular (ML) (brown) adipocytes, and UL adipocyte size, were assessed by histological and stereological techniques. Changes to the adipose transcriptome were investigated by RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, and proteins of interest were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Hypothyroidism in utero resulted in elevated plasma insulin and leptin concentrations and overgrowth of PAT in the fetus, specifically due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of UL adipocytes with no change in ML adipocyte mass. RNA sequencing and genomic analyses showed that thyroid deficiency affected 34% of the genes identified in fetal adipose tissue. Enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathways were associated with adipogenic, metabolic, and thermoregulatory processes, insulin resistance, and a range of endocrine and adipocytokine signaling pathways. Adipose protein levels of signaling molecules, including phosphorylated S6-kinase (pS6K), glucose transporter isoform 4 (GLUT4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc), were increased by fetal hypothyroidism. Fetal thyroid deficiency decreased uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein and mRNA content, and UCP1 thermogenic capacity without any change in ML adipocyte mass. Conclusions: Growth and development of adipose tissue before birth is sensitive to thyroid hormone status in utero. Changes to the adipose transcriptome and phenotype observed in the hypothyroid fetus may have consequences for neonatal survival and the risk of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in later life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Deficiency Before Birth Alters the Adipose Transcriptome to Promote Overgrowth of White Adipose Tissue and Impair Thermogenic Capacity

Harris

Blasio

Zhao

et al. 2020

Thyroid

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“…Fourthly, adipose tissue can be accumulated in depots other than VF ectopic fat, for example, as perirenal, perivascular, pericardial and intramuscular fat, and/or fat infiltrating the liver or pancreas. These conceivably might produce both local and systemic metabolic effects similar to VF . DXA does not differentiate these other regions of ectopic fat and includes them with TBF, subcutaneous fat, or VF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral fat, cardiometabolic risk factors, and nocturnal blood pressure fall in young adults with primary hypertension

Miazgowski

Taszarek

Miazgowski

2019

J of Clinical Hypertension

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The aims of this study were to assess associations of body fat levels and distribution with metabolic profiles and 24-hour blood pressure in young adults with primary hypertension. Visceral fat (VF) was estimated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.VF was highly significantly associated with a high frequency of overweight/obesity, impaired fasting glucose, increased levels of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol, and lowered level of HDL-cholesterol. The value of systolic blood pressure (SBP) nocturnal fall was similar between patients receiving RAAS inhibitors, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers. In multiple regression, the VF/weight ratio after adjusting for age, gender, total fat, and chronotherapeutic drug delivery was associated with the percentage SBP nocturnal fall (β = −.3108; 95% CI: −0.5923; −0.0980; P = .013).In males, excess VF increased the odds by 2.3 times for non-dipping blood pressure.Our results suggest that in young adult hypertensives, the VF/weight ratio might be associated with non-dipping blood pressure. How to cite this article: Miazgowski T, Taszarek A, Miazgowski B. Visceral fat, cardiometabolic risk factors, and nocturnal blood pressure fall in young adults with primary hypertension.

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“…It has complete system of blood supply, lymph fluid drainage, and innervation [6]. Several studies have reported the close relationship between para-and perirenal fat and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, blood pressure, endothelial damage [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of para- and perirenal fat and high-density lipoprotein and its function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Ke¹,

Wang²,

Liu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Para- and perirenal fat is a fat pad surrounding the kidneys. Recent researches have showed the association between para- and perirenal fat and cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, hypertension and so on. Limited studies have explored the relation between para- and perirenal fat and serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) level, but the results were inconsistent. We aimed to assess the relationship between para-perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness and serum HDL level and cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We recruited 58 subjects with T2DM and collected anthropometric indices including height, weight, waist circumference and so on. Para-perirenal ultrasonographic fat thickness (PUFT) was measured via ultrasound. Serum lipid profile and other metabolic indices were determined as well. Then we analyzed the relationship between PUFT and HDL level and cholesterol efflux capacity in all patients and subgroups divided by gender and body mass index (BMI). Results Patients with higher PUFT have lower serum HDL level but increased cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL. Further analysis showed that PUFT negatively correlated with serum HDL level in all patients, with no difference in group divided by BMI. While subgroup analysis divided by gender indicated that the relationship only existed in males. In addition, PUFT was positively correlated with cholesterol efflux capacity in all patients. However, subgroup analysis showed that PUFT did not significantly correlated with cholesterol efflux capacity in males and BMI ≥28kg/m 2 . Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed an independent association of PUFT and serum HDL level and cholesterol efflux capacity. Conclusions PUFT is closely correlated with serum HDL level and cholesterol efflux capacity in patients with T2DM.

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Perirenal Fat: A Unique Fat Pad and Potential Target for Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 93 publications

References 103 publications

Thyroid Deficiency Before Birth Alters the Adipose Transcriptome to Promote Overgrowth of White Adipose Tissue and Impair Thermogenic Capacity

Thyroid Deficiency Before Birth Alters the Adipose Transcriptome to Promote Overgrowth of White Adipose Tissue and Impair Thermogenic Capacity

Visceral fat, cardiometabolic risk factors, and nocturnal blood pressure fall in young adults with primary hypertension

Relationship of para- and perirenal fat and high-density lipoprotein and its function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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