Peripubertal ovariectomy influences thymic adrenergic network plasticity in adult rats

Pilipović, Ivan; Vujnović, Ivana; Arsenović-Ranin, Nevena; Dimitrijević, Mirjana; Kosec, Duško; Stojić-Vukanić, Zorica; Leposavić, Gordana

doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.05.017

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Thymus atrophies with age, with an apparent increase in sympathetic NA innervations reflected by increased TH mRNA and expression levels, NA nerve fiber density, and NE levels . In the present study, the age‐associated increase in the p‐TH expression was reversed with ovariectomy in the thymus that might be related to lower levels of NE and NA innervation .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Estrogen differentially regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor through free radical generation in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of middle‐aged ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats

Ravichandran

Karrunanithi

Hima

et al. 2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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Objective Sympathetic neuronal activity in the thymus and lymph nodes is differentially regulated during reproductive aging. The aim was to investigate the role of estrogen on sympathetic neuronal expression in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of early middle-aged ovariectomized female rats implanted with 17b-estradiol pellets. Methods 17b-Estradiol pellets (0.6 and 300) were implanted subcutaneously in ovariectomized middle-aged female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/group) for a period of 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes were isolated and analyzed for the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, nerve growth factor, and p-ERK, p-CREB and p-Akt. Results The age-related increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the thymus was abrogated by ovariectomy, while estrogen suppressed it further and nerve growth factor expression was altered based on the dose of estrogen. In contrast, estrogen increased tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor expression in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Estrogen enhanced p-ERK/ total ERK, CREB/total CREB and p-Akt/total Akt expression in a dose-dependent manner. Free radical generation was augmented by estrogen in the thymus alone. Conclusions These results suggest that estrogen differentially influences sympathetic neuronal activity in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs to influence immunity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Estrogen differentially regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor through free radical generation in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of middle‐aged ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats

Ravichandran

Karrunanithi

Hima

et al. 2017

Clinical & Exp Neuroim

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“…This reflected the decrease in the density of noradrenergic nerve fibers and noradrenaline content in both noradrenergic nerve fibers and non-lymphoid cells, as thymocyte noradrenaline content increased ( 45 ) (Figure 1 ). These changes were preventable by estrogen supplementation ( 45 ). This could be explained by the following facts: (i) estrogen represents the key factor in remodeling of noradrenergic innervation in some other tissues ( 106 ) and (ii) is implicated in the regulation of TH expression ( 107 ).…”

Section: Gonadal Steroids and Programming/reprogramming Of The Thymicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although studies in rat adult thymic organ and thymocyte cultures suggested that noradrenaline from thymic “(nor)adrenergic” cells is implicated in the fine tuning of thymopoisesis ( 55 ), a role for thymic intrinsic adrenergic network in thymic homeostasis is still far from being understood. It is noteworthy that intrinsic (nor)adrenergic cellular networks: (i) have also been identified in some other tissues and (ii) suggested to be particularly important under specific conditions, e.g., following sympathectomy, gonadectomy, chronic stress ( 45 , 61 – 65 ), as it allows for mainly local regulation of the catecholamine influence ( 64 , 66 ).…”

Section: Thymic Extrinsic and Intrinsic (Nor)adrenergic Regulatory Nementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that the age-related decline in thymopoiesis has been partly related to the rise in the thymic noradrenaline level ( 44 , 50 , 105 ), one may assume that the peripubertal ovariectomy affects thymic adrenergic networks. Indeed, it was shown that it diminishes the thymic noradrenaline level in young adult (2-month-old) rats ( 45 ). This reflected the decrease in the density of noradrenergic nerve fibers and noradrenaline content in both noradrenergic nerve fibers and non-lymphoid cells, as thymocyte noradrenaline content increased ( 45 ) (Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Gonadal Steroids and Programming/reprogramming Of The Thymicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it was shown that it diminishes the thymic noradrenaline level in young adult (2-month-old) rats ( 45 ). This reflected the decrease in the density of noradrenergic nerve fibers and noradrenaline content in both noradrenergic nerve fibers and non-lymphoid cells, as thymocyte noradrenaline content increased ( 45 ) (Figure 1 ). These changes were preventable by estrogen supplementation ( 45 ).…”

Section: Gonadal Steroids and Programming/reprogramming Of The Thymicmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity

Leposavić

Pilipović

2018

Front. Endocrinol.

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The thymus is sexually differentiated organ providing microenvironment for T-cell precursor differentiation/maturation in the major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-tolerant T cells. With increasing age, the thymus undergoes involution leading to the decline in efficacy of thymopoiesis. Noradrenaline from thymic nerve fibers and “(nor)adrenergic” cells is involved in the regulation of thymopoiesis. In rodents, noradrenaline concentration in thymus and adrenoceptor (AR) expression on thymic cells depend on sex and age. These differences are suggested to be implicated in the development of sexual diergism and the age-related decline in thymopoiesis. The programming of both thymic sexual differentiation and its involution occurs during the critical early perinatal period and may be reprogrammed during peripubertal development. The thymic (re)programming is critically dependent on circulating levels of gonadal steroids. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been elucidated fully, it is assumed that the gonadal steroid action during the critical perinatal/peripubertal developmental periods leads to long-lasting changes in the efficacy of thymopoiesis partly through (re)programming of “(nor)adrenergic” cell networks and AR expression on thymic cells.

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Noradrenaline modulates CD4+ T cell priming in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a role for the α1-adrenoceptor

et al. 2019

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Peripubertal ovariectomy influences thymic adrenergic network plasticity in adult rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 68 publications

Estrogen differentially regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor through free radical generation in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of middle‐aged ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats

Estrogen differentially regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor through free radical generation in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of middle‐aged ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Thymic Adrenergic Networks: Sex Steroid-Dependent Plasticity

Noradrenaline modulates CD4+ T cell priming in rat experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: a role for the α1-adrenoceptor

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