Background The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using computer navigation systems (nTHA) and those of robotic arm-assisted THA (rTHA).Methods Thirty prospective subjects who underwent rTHA were clinically compared with 30 subjects who underwent nTHA. Clinical data (the surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, length of hospital stay, pain severity, number of days to independent walking, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) at discharge) and radiographic parameters (the inclination and anteversion angles) were statistically compared between the two groups. Results The surgical time, number of days to independent walking, and postoperative pain were significantly reduced in the rTHA group than in the nTHA group. The rTHA group showed a significantly higher postoperative HHS than did the nTHA group. No statistically significant difference was observed in radiographic parameters between the groups.Conclusion The surgical time, postoperative pain, and number of days to independent walking were significantly shorter, and the HHS at discharge was significantly higher in the rTHA group than in the nTHA group. Thus, as compared to nTHA, rTHA improved early clinical outcomes.