Peripheral vascular disease and hypertension: a forgotten association?

Makin, Andrew; Lip, Gregory Y. H.; Silverman, Stanley; Beevers, D. G.

doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001209

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…However the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease equals to males after menopause. In our study the data shows that from 6 patients with peripheral arterial disease, males had increased prevalence 16 .…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In our study on patients of age between 45-65 years, it was found that prevalence was higher among patients with age greater than 65 years. Makin A et al (2002) in their study on sex prevalence, 512 patients were selected which comprised of equal number of males and females with hypertension. They found that there was a slight increase in number of cases of peripheral arterial disease in males than females.…”

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various studies have been carried out in India to estimate the prevalence of hypertension. In a study, prevalence of hypertension in India was quoted 13.1% and only 16.7% of the person had achieved BP control of 140/90mm Hg. Cardiovascular diseases caused 2.3 million deaths in India in the year 1990; this is projected to double by the year 2020.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over a 5-year period 25%-35% of people with PAD will suffer from MI or stroke and additional 25% may die 16 . The history and physical examination are usually sufficient to establish the diagnosis of PAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of peripheral artery disease by using ankle brachial index in hypertensive patients

Singal

Gupta

et al. 2016

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Introduction: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of global burden of disease. In a study, prevalence of hypertension in India was quoted 13.1% and only 16.7% of the person had achieved BP control of 140/90mm Hg. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a slow and progressive circulation disorder which is characterized by narrowing of the vessels that carry blood to the leg and arm muscles. It is estimated that PAD affects 2 billion people worldwide. It is also estimated that of all the hypertensives at presentation, 2-5% have claudication. Similarly 50-92% of patients with PAD have hypertension. The Ankle-brachial Index (ABI) is the ratio of the systolic blood pressures between the dorsalis pedis and the posterior tibial artery to the higher of the systolic blood pressures in the two brachial arteries. The ABI's sensitivity is 90% and its specificity is 98%. Normal ABI range of 1.00 to 1.40.The patient is diagnosed with PAD when the ABI is ≤ 0.90, ABI Acts as an independent predictor of coronary and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Materials and methods: In this study 100 patients were registered who were suffering from hypertension, which include both indoor and outdoor patients, were studied. These patients were between the age group 45-75 years. In this study 82 were males and 18 were females. .Patients with history of Diabetes, Smoking, Hyperlipidemia, and with other risk factors excluding hypertension were excluded from the study. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was measured for the patients. A Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector and a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) was used to measure ABI. The patient is diagnosed with PAD when the ABI is ≤ 0.90 Observation: Total number of patients 100. Prevalence rate of peripheral arterial disease in hypertensive patients with age group (45-75) was 7%. The highest prevalence rate was seen in patients in age group 65-75 years. Males had slightly higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease than females. Prevalence of ECG abnormalities suggesting cardiovascular disease was higher in patients with peripheral arterial disease than patients without peripheral arterial disease. Abnormal ABI (<0.9) was found in significantly higher proportion of patients with clinical evidence of peripheral arterial disease (86%) than in patients without clinical evidence of peripheral arterial disease (1.1%). Conclusion: The present study shows that ABI is a valuable method for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease in patients of Hypertension and should be applied in routine practices which may improve cardiovascular risk prediction

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Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Disscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of peripheral artery disease by using ankle brachial index in hypertensive patients

Singal

Gupta

et al. 2016

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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“…Arterial hypertension is among the most important and most frequent cardiovascular disorders, in particular in the developing world. Hypertension is normally silent, asymptomatic and preventable, but if remained uncontrolled, it could progress into severe cardiovascular (Davies, 1991), cerebrovascular (Ogunniyi & Talabi, 2001), peripheral vascular (Makin et al, 2001) and neurodegenerative complications (Kivipelto et al, 2002). Regulation of hypertension is the result of a delicate balance between cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance (Vikrant & Tiwari, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypotensive activity of auraptene, a monoterpene coumarin fromCitrusspp.

Imenshahidi¹,

Eghbal²,

Sahebkar³

et al. 2013

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: Citrus spp. (Rutaceae) are well-documented for their cardioprotective properties. Auraptene is a bioactive monoterpene coumarin ether abundantly present in the Citrus spp. Objective: To investigate the hypotensive activity of auraptene. Methods: Different groups of normotensive rats (n ¼ 5 in each group) were subjected to single intravenous injections of auraptene (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg), nifedipine (as positive control; 63, 125 and 250 mg/kg) or negative control [DMSO/normal saline (1:3)]. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated following each treatment. Results: A dose-dependent hypotensive effect was observed following auraptene injection, which was significant at 250 and 500 mg/kg (p50.001) but not 125 mg/kg (p40.05). With respect to the positive control, nifedipine reduced MABP at all tested doses, dose-dependently and significantly (p50.001). The MABP lowering effect of auraptene was found to be significantly lower than that of nifedipine (p50.001). Conclusion: In light of the present findings, auraptene has moderate hypotensive activity. Further investigations are recommended to explore the effects of higher doses as well as oral administration of this phytochemical.

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Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease

Lip¹,

Makin²

2003

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Peripheral vascular disease and hypertension: a forgotten association?

Cited by 68 publications

References 76 publications

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease by using ankle brachial index in hypertensive patients

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease by using ankle brachial index in hypertensive patients

Hypotensive activity of auraptene, a monoterpene coumarin fromCitrusspp.

Treatment of hypertension in peripheral arterial disease

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