Peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to severe hidradenitis suppurativa

Risk of Keratitis and Keratopathy in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients: A Global Federated Health Network Analysis

“…Nevertheless, in the current study, patients with HS aged more than 65 years did not present significant association with keratitis and keratopathy compared with non-HS controls, whereas only younger patients with HS presented the observed association. Likewise, in previous case reports documenting keratitis as complications of HS, the reported patients were also mainly young adults, with their ages ranging between 18 to 33 years old (3,(17)(18)(19). In spite of common pathogenesis between psoriasis and HS, there is need for more large-population studies to determine the differences in age distribution of corneal diseases with HS.…”

“…Keratitis only accounted for 23.5% (15) and 5% ( 14) of cases in these reports. Different forms of IED were also documented by case reports of patients with HS, such as peripheral ulcerative keratitis (18,19), interstitial keratitis (3,16,17), keratoconjunctivitis sicca (26), and phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis (27). However, there is lack of statistical-methodological studies specifically examining the risk of corneal diseases in HS.…”

“…Bilateral sides of interstitial keratitis were later documented in two case reports of patients with HS, responding well to immunotherapy like adalimumab (3,17). Apart from non-ulcerating inflammation of the cornea, peripheral ulcerative keratitis may also specifically be linked to HS according to prior two case reports of male patients with HS (18,19). Although Rosalynn et al (20) found a significantly increased rate of keratitis in the HS group but not of interstitial keratitis, there is a need to elucidate clearer the relationship because the relationship to interstitial keratitis was not significant and confounding factors were not fully addressed.…”

Peripheral ulcerative keratitis due to systemic diseases

“…Granulomatosis with polyangiitis [45,55] Polyarteritis nodosa [56] Microscopic polyangiitis [57] Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis [58] Sarcoidosis [59--61] Behcet's disease [62] Takayasu arteritis Temporal arteritis [63,64] Leukocytoclastic vasculitis [65,66] Cryoglobulinemia [67] IgA vasculitis [57] Atypical HUS [68] Erythema elevatum diutinum [66,69] Systemic infections Herpes simplex virus (HSV) [70--72] Varicella zoster virus (VZV) [73,74] Tuberculosis (Tb) [75,76] Syphilis [77] Bartonella [78] Salmonella gastroenteritis [79] Acquired immune deficiency syndrome [ Hidradenitis suppurativa [93,94] Pityriasis rubra pilaris [95] Drug Induced Checkpoint inhibitors [96--98] Paraquat [99] Rituximab [100] Postvaccine [101] Perifosine [102] Immune reconstitution following antiretrovirals [103] Methamphetamine [104] Other autoimmune Antimyelin oligodendrocyte protein [105,106] IgG4 disease [107] Autoimmune hepatitis [108] Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) [109] Chronic granulomatous disease [110] Local Insults: Microbial keratitis, including bacterial, fungal, viral, mycobacterial, and acanthamoeba Staphylococcal marginal keratitis Postsurgical…”