Peripheral T helper cell profiles during management of periodontitis

Abstract

Aim: Periodontitis has been associated with other systemic diseases with underlying inflammation responsible for the shared link. This study evaluated longitudinal variation in peripheral T helper cells in periodontitis patients undergoing management over 1 year. Materials and methods: Periodontal parameters and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 54 periodontitis patients at baseline, and 3-, 6-and 12-months post-treatment and 40 healthy controls. IFN-γ + , IL-4 + , IL-17 + and Foxp3 + and their double-positive expression were identified in CD4 + and TCRαβ + cells using flow cytometry. PBMCs were incubated with P. gingivalis, and IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 in cell supernatant were measured by ELISA. Cells and cytokines were also assessed based on clinical response to treatment where good (<10% of sites), moderate (10-20%) and poor (>20%) treatment outcome (TxO) groups had probing depths of ≥5 mm at study conclusion. Results: IFN-γ + cells were lower at baseline, and 3-and 6-months compared to health, whereas Foxp3 + cells were increased at 12-months compared to all preceding timepoints and health. The good TxO group showed treatment-related variation in IFN-γ + and Foxp3 + cells, whereas the poor TxO group did not. IFN-γ and IL-17 cytokine expression in cell supernatants was significantly lower at baseline compared to health, and IFN-γ and IL-10 showed treatment-related decrease. Conclusion: This study suggests that IFN-γ + and Foxp3 + cells may have a role in the systemic compartment in periodontitis. Periodontal management has local and systemic effects, and thus, assessment and management of periodontitis should form an integral part of overall systemic health.

Circulating inflammatory cell profiling and periodontitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…The only exception was for MCP‐1, as either 4‐week supplementation of liposomal bovine lactoferrin or SRP and systemic antibiotic therapy reduced MCP‐1 production by PMBCs (when compared with pretreatment values) 124,136 . Periodontal treatment reduced IFN‐γ production of tetanus toxoid‐ or Porphyromonas gingivalis or Concanavalin A (ConA)‐stimulated PBMCs or stimulated PBMCs, IL‐4 level of P. gingivalis or ConA‐stimulated PBMCs, and lactoferrin supplementation decreased IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α in PBMCs 47,129,136 . Last, monocyte IL‐12p70 level increased in patients following SRP and systemic antibiotic administration when compared with baseline values 107,118 …”

“…124,136 Periodontal treatment reduced IFN-γ production of tetanus toxoid-or Porphyromonas gingivalis or Concanavalin A (ConA)-stimulated PBMCs or stimulated PBMCs, IL-4 level of P. gingivalis or ConA-stimulated PBMCs, and lactoferrin supplementation decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in PBMCs. 47,129,136 Last, monocyte IL-12p70 level increased in patients following SRP and systemic antibiotic administration when compared with baseline values. 107,118…”

Periodontitis, chronic liver diseases, and the emerging oral‐gut‐liver axis

“…While the total number of CD4 + T cells is increased in individuals presenting with severe periodontitis, these cells exhibit reduced ability to produce IFN‐γ even after stimulation with pathogens. In addition, the number of circulating CD4 + IFN‐γ + is also reduced in this patient population 160,161 . IFNs are key for the immunity against viruses, and a deficiency in their synthesis could potentially compromise the antiviral immune defense in chronic hepatitis.…”

“…In addition, the number of circulating CD4 + IFNγ + is also reduced in this patient population. 160,161 IFNs are key for the immunity against viruses, and a deficiency in their synthesis could potentially compromise the antiviral immune defense in chronic hepatitis. HBV is termed as a "stealth virus" since its polymerase inhibits the transcription of Type I IFNs (IFNα and IFNβ), which together with type III IFNs (IFNλ) are major mediators of the antiviral immune system.…”

A critical look at outcome measures: Comparison between four dental research journals by use of a hierarchical model

“…Technical aspects of treatment were in the International Endodontic Journal for example addressed by investigating histological analyses of vascularization (Alghutaimel et al., 2021) or evaluating biofilm biovolume, bacterial viability, or biofilm morphology (Arias‐Moliz et al., 2021). In Caries Research , technical aspects included evaluation of microhardness or zeta potential of hydroxyapatite crystals (Almeida et al., 2019; Augusto et al., 2021) and in the Journal of Clinical Periodontology changes in levels of chosen biomarkers (Medara et al., 2021) or radiographic and histomorphometric analyses of dimensional changes of the maxillary sinus in rats (Song et al., 2020). In the Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache technical aspects included calcium transport capability and nociceptive behaviours in rats (de la Cal et al., 2017; de Oliveira et al., 2020).…”