Peripheral Refraction and Refractive Error in Singapore Chinese Children

Sng, Chelvin C. A.; Lin, Xiaokun; Gazzard, Gus; Chang, Benjamin; Dirani, Mohamed; Chia, Audrey; Prabakaran, S.; Ian, Kit; Drobe, Björn; Wong, Theodoric; Saw, Seang‐Mei

doi:10.1167/iovs.10-5601

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Our results for spherical equivalent or M at peripheral positions of the retina are in line with previous research studying peripheral refraction in children with low myopia 16 or young adults. 48 Sng et al (2011) found relative hyperopia in myopes only in one position of the retina -30º temporal -and no differences at 15º temporal or in equivalent positions in the nasal retina. 16 In this and other studies myopes with moderate and high myopia showed relative hyperopia in all peripheral positions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…16 In this and other studies myopes with moderate and high myopia showed relative hyperopia in all peripheral positions. 3,16 Our peripheral refraction measurements were performed with soft contact lens and that can cut the degree of hyperopic field curvature as shown by different authors. 30,49 The method we used to measure peripheral refraction might also raise the question whether our relative peripheral refractive error has been affected by accommodation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…48 Sng et al (2011) found relative hyperopia in myopes only in one position of the retina -30º temporal -and no differences at 15º temporal or in equivalent positions in the nasal retina. 16 In this and other studies myopes with moderate and high myopia showed relative hyperopia in all peripheral positions. 3,16 Our peripheral refraction measurements were performed with soft contact lens and that can cut the degree of hyperopic field curvature as shown by different authors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[15][16][17] However, causative effects of the peripheral refraction in myopic development have not been established. Thus, the role of peripheral retina and its optics in myopia development remains under scrutiny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An exploratory study of temporal integration in the peripheral retina of myopes

Macedo

Encarnação²,

Vilarinho

et al. 2017

Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics

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The visual system takes time to respond to visual stimuli, neurons need to accumulate information over a time span in order to fire. Visual information perceived by the peripheral retina might be impaired by imperfect peripheral optics leading to myopia development. This study explored the effect of eccentricity, moderate myopia and peripheral refraction in temporal visual integration. Myopes and emmetropes showed similar performance at detecting briefly flashed stimuli in different retinal locations. Our results show evidence that moderate myopes have normal visual integration when refractive errors are corrected with contact lens; however, the tendency to increased temporal integration thresholds observed in myopes deserves further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

An exploratory study of temporal integration in the peripheral retina of myopes

Macedo

Encarnação²,

Vilarinho

et al. 2017

Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics

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show abstract

“…Children with emmetropia and hyperopia had peripheral relative myopia at all eccentricities (p < 0.001). 81 Animal and human evidence indicates that relative peripheral hyperopia occurs in tandem with a prolate shape of the eyeball in myopic individuals. Longitudinal studies are needed to provide evidence for peripheral refraction determining the onset of myopia.…”

Section: Peripheral Refractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Pan

Ramamurthy

Saw

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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713

569

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Background: Myopia, the most common type of refractive error, is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. However, the exact aetiology of myopia is still unclear. Purpose: To summarize the worldwide patterns and trends for the prevalence of myopia and to evaluate the risk factors for myopia in population-based studies. Recent findings: The prevalences of myopia vary across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In population-based studies on children, the prevalence of myopia has been reported to be higher in urban areas and Chinese ethnicity. The regional and racial difference is not so obvious in adult populations aged over 40 years. More time spent on near work, less time outdoors, higher educational level and parental history of myopia have been reported to increase the risk of myopia. Conclusions: Environmental factors play a crucial role in myopia development. The effect of gene-environment interaction on the aetiology of myopia is still controversial with inconsistent findings in different studies. A relatively hyperopic periphery can stimulate compensating eye growth in the centre. Longitudinal cohort studies or randomized clinical trials of community-based health behaviour interventions should be conducted to further clarify the aetiology of myopia.

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Naked-Eye 3-Dimensional Vision Training for Myopia Control

Xie,

Zhao,

et al. 2024

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceEarly onset of myopia increases the risk of high myopia, which can lead to irreversible retinal damage and even loss of central vision.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of naked-eye 3-dimensional vision training (NVT) in preventing the progression of myopia in children.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 hospitals from May 25, 2022, to February 24, 2023. Participants were children (aged 6-18 years) who had a diagnosis of myopia with a spherical equivalent refraction of −0.75 to −6.00 diopters (D).InterventionChildren in the intervention group received 20 minutes of NVT treatment every day, whereas children in the control group lived as usual without vision training.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was the change in axial length at 6 months. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was included as a secondary outcome.ResultsAmong 263 participants, 125 (47.5%) were male and 138 (52.5%) were female; the mean (SD) age was 10.3 (1.9) years (range, 6.1-15.6 years). A total of 227 patients (86.3%) completed the 6-month follow-up, including 102 in the intervention group and 125 in the control group. In the intervention group, the changes in axial length and SER at 6 months were 0.18 mm (95% CI, 0.16 to 0.20 mm) and −0.25 D (95% CI, −0.31 to −0.19 D), respectively. In the control group, the changes in axial length and SER at 6 months were 0.23 mm (95% CI, 0.21 to 0.25 mm) and −0.35 D (95% CI, −0.41 to −0.30 D), respectively. The differences in AL and SER between the 2 groups were significant (AL difference: −0.06 mm; 95% CI, −0.09 to −0.03; P &lt; .001; SER difference: 0.10 D; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.19; P = .02). No study-related adverse reactions were reported during follow-up.Conclusions and RelevanceNVT is a safe and promising means to control myopia progression in children with good adherence.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05468775

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Peripheral Refraction and Refractive Error in Singapore Chinese Children

Abstract: Young myopic Singapore Chinese children had relative hyperopia in the periphery. This study substantiates previous studies in older children and in Caucasian subjects.

Cited by 74 publications

References 30 publications

An exploratory study of temporal integration in the peripheral retina of myopes

An exploratory study of temporal integration in the peripheral retina of myopes

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Naked-Eye 3-Dimensional Vision Training for Myopia Control

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