Peripheral Mechanisms in Appetite Regulation

Camilleri, Michael

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.09.016

Cited by 178 publications

(153 citation statements)

References 160 publications

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“…Previous studies have identified gut-derived hormones that are induced by dietary fat, including GLP-1, PYY and CCK (Begg and Woods, 2013; Camilleri, 2015). To determine whether any of these mediators were in play in Lpcat3-deficient mice, we measured their levels in the plasma of high-fat fed mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Phospholipid Remodeling Is Required for Dietary-Lipid Uptake and Survival on a High-Fat Diet

et al. 2016

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Summary Phospholipids are important determinants of membrane biophysical properties, but the impact of membrane acyl chain composition on dietary lipid absorption is unknown. Here we demonstrate that the LXR-responsive phospholipid-remodeling enzyme Lpcat3 modulates intestinal fatty acid and cholesterol absorption and is required for survival on a high-fat diet. Mice lacking Lpcat3 in the intestine thrive on carbohydrate-based chow, but lose body weight rapidly and become moribund on a triglyceride-rich diet. Lpcat3-dependent incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into phospholipids is required for the efficient transport of dietary lipids into enterocytes. Furthermore, loss of Lpcat3 amplifies the production of gut hormones including GLP-1 and oleoylethanolamide in response to high-fat feeding, contributing to the paradoxical cessation of food intake in the setting of starvation. These results reveal that membrane phospholipid composition is a gating factor in passive lipid absorption, and implicate LXR-Lpcat3 signaling in a gut-brain feedback loop that couples absorption to food intake.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Phospholipid Remodeling Is Required for Dietary-Lipid Uptake and Survival on a High-Fat Diet

et al. 2016

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“…These hormones, through reciprocal cross-talks and gut-brain interactions, play key roles in regulating glucose, energy homeostasis and body weight through the modulation of appetite and food intake (Ahima and Antwi, 2008). Specifically, while ghrelin stimulates food intake, GLP-1, PYY, insulin, amylin and leptin are anorexigenic and thus inhibit food intake (Camilleri, 2015; Suzuki et al, 2010). Such appetitive hormones contribute to the regulation of food intake and appetite by manipulating subjective responses to hunger, fullness and satiety (Blundell et al, 2010; Chaudhri et al, 2006).…”

Section: 0 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of intravenous cocaine administration on serum concentrations of ghrelin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin and peptide YY and relationships with cardiorespiratory and subjective responses

Bouhlal

Ellefsen

Sheskier

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Food intake and use of drugs of abuse like cocaine share common central and peripheral physiological pathways. Appetitive hormones play a major role in regulating food intake; however, little is known about the effects of acute cocaine administration on the blood concentrations of these hormones in cocaine users. Methods We evaluated serum concentrations of six appetitive hormones: ghrelin (total and acyl-ghrelin), amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), insulin, leptin and peptide YY (PYY), as well as acute cardiorespiratory and subjective responses of 8 experienced cocaine users who received 25 mg intravenous (IV) cocaine. Results Serum concentrations of GLP-1 (p = 0.014) and PYY (p = 0.036) were significantly decreased one hour following IV cocaine administration; there was a trend towards a decrease for insulin (p = 0.055) and amylin (p = 0.063) concentrations, while no significant IV cocaine effect was observed for ghrelin (total or acyl-ghrelin) or leptin concentrations (p’s > 0.5). We also observed associations between hormone concentrations acutely affected by IV cocaine (GLP-1, PYY, insulin, amylin) and some cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses (e.g., increased heart and respiratory rates; feeling high and anxious). Discussion These findings show a significant effect of acute IV cocaine administration on some appetitive hormones and suggest potential associations between these hormones and cocaine-related cardiorespiratory and subjective responses. Additional research is needed to further investigate the potential mechanisms underlining these associations.

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“…Changes in intestinal nutrient sensing and subsequent endocrine response through the secretion of GI hormones such as CCK in the proximal small intestine and GLP-1 more distally could alter gastric motility and alter feelings of satiety (Camilleri, 2015). This may have that added benefit of improving glycaemic control (Parker, Gribble, & Reimann, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles for dietary fibre in the upper GI tract: The importance of viscosity

Mackie

Bajka

Rigby

2016

Food Research International

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Dietary fibre has long been recognized as healthy because of its prebiotic quality and a number of dietary fibres, especially beta glucan have been shown to lower levels of circulating LDL cholesterol. However, although EFSA allow health claims to be made for this, there is no fundamental understanding of the detailed mechanism involved. More recently dietary fibre has been shown to have a range of functionality in the upper GI tract. The presence of fibre can alter gastric emptying thus affecting fullness and satiety. These alterations are a result of differences in viscosity, nutrient release and nutrient sensing in the duodenum. The current proposed mechanisms for the cholesterol lowering effects involve disruption of the normal recycling of bile possibly by sequestering bile salts and fatty acids or by significantly decreasing the rate of absorption as a result of entanglement with intestinal mucus.The use of quantitative confocal microscopy methods such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and multiple particle tracking has provided evidence that dietary fibre can combine with intestinal mucus and produce a layer that significantly delays the transport of lipid digestion products. We have also used similar methods in conjunction with more conventional rheology to show that DNA from the gut epithelium can contribute significantly to the barrier properties of the intestinal mucus layer.The delay in the transport of nutrients to the gut epithelium has implications for the control of gastric emptying and through secretion of GI hormones such as CCK and thus for the satiating ability of foods. It may also have implications for the reabsorption of bile.

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Peripheral Mechanisms in Appetite Regulation

Cited by 178 publications

References 160 publications

Intestinal Phospholipid Remodeling Is Required for Dietary-Lipid Uptake and Survival on a High-Fat Diet

Intestinal Phospholipid Remodeling Is Required for Dietary-Lipid Uptake and Survival on a High-Fat Diet

Acute effects of intravenous cocaine administration on serum concentrations of ghrelin, amylin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin, leptin and peptide YY and relationships with cardiorespiratory and subjective responses

Roles for dietary fibre in the upper GI tract: The importance of viscosity

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