Peripheral haematological manifestations in HIV infection and its relation to CD4 count

Abstract

Background: HIV infection is associated with a wide range of haematological abnormalities, which are amongst its most common complications. This study aims at discerning the peripheral haematological abnormalities associated with HIV infection and to correlate them with CD4 cell count.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 till August 2018. 109 patients in 15 years or more age group who were HIV positive by the NACO guidelines were included. Complete hemogram, serum iron studies, serum folate and vitamin B12 levels, and flowcytometric CD4 cell count analysis were done for all the patients. Various haematological parameters were compared between the patients with CD4 cell counts <200/µl (n=52) to those with counts >200/µl (n=57). By using student t-test, the p-value was calculated for various parameters.Results: Anaemia (58.7%), leucopenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (17.4%) were seen with anaemia being the most common abnormality. Normocytic normochromic anaemia (65.6%) was the predominant type of anaemia. Overall analysis showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in haemoglobin concentration, RBC indices, serum ferritin values and absolute lymphocyte count; with p-value <0.05.Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment of haematological disorders are essential in medical care of the HIV-infected patients. Thus, in resource limited setups, where CD4 count analysis is not possible, haematological abnormalities can be used as tools for monitoring HIV positive individuals and can aid in the treatment of the patients.

<p>Anemia in HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment at Ayder Specialized Hospital, Mekele, Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study</p>

“…This is consistent with previous studies conducted in Ethiopia, 17,18 and India. 25 The possible explanation could be the effect of infections (HIV itself), autoimmune diseases, malnutrition, and malignancies can cause anemia without affecting the size of RBC, and the hemoglobin content. HIV infection, the medications (HAART and CPT), aplastic anemia, and related bone marrow failure state can be associated with red marrow aplasia.…”

Colorimetric Detection Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Determination of Chemicals in Urine

“…The determination of creatinine levels in biological fluids is important for evaluating renal dysfunction, thyroid malfunction, and muscle damage. [13][14][15] A creatinine level lower than 45 μM indicates decreased muscle weight, which is a sign of muscular disorder. 15 Meanwhile, a creatinine level above 140 μM is a sign of renal kidney dysfunction.…”

“…[13][14][15] A creatinine level lower than 45 μM indicates decreased muscle weight, which is a sign of muscular disorder. 15 Meanwhile, a creatinine level above 140 μM is a sign of renal kidney dysfunction. 12,16 The measure of the urinary creatinine level is also essential for clinical assays of renal function.…”

Colorimetric Determination of Urinary Creatinine in Proteinuria Patients by Chromaticity Analysis of Gold Nanoparticle Colloidal Solutions

“…1 The detection of creatinine in biological fluids is important for the evaluation of renal dysfunction, thyroid malfunction, and muscle damage. [2][3][4] The measurement of urinary creatinine levels is a rapid screening method for quantifying creatinine concentrations. 3,5,6 Creatinine concentration outside the normal range indicates a need for further diagnosis to specifically identify any underlying abnormal conditions.…”