Peripheral growth hormone induces cell proliferation in the intact adult rat brain

Åberg, N. David; Lind, Johan; Isgaard, Jörgen; Kuhn, H. Georg

doi:10.1016/j.ghir.2009.12.003

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This may indicate that treatment with the hormone has induced an increase in the number of neurons in this area, as we and others have shown in rats [10,11]. Another possibility is that GH has induced the outbreak of dendritic spines and changes in the length and density of pre-existing dendrites in the hippocampus, as has been shown to occur after intracerebroventricular administration of the hormone in adult rats [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…It has been found that the hormone is produced in the postnatal hippocampus in rats [8,9], probably to induce proliferation and survival of neuronal precursors at this level, as occurs after the administration of GH in normal adult rats [10]; this also occurs, in rats, when the hormone is given after a brain injury produced by the administration of kainic acid administration, perhaps cooperating with the endogenously expressed GH, as its receptor, in progenitor cells of the hippocampus [11]. In addition, memory tasks induce the synthesis of GH in the hippocampus of mice, which leads to the appearance of newly formed neurons [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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(1) Background: We analyzed, using PET-SCAN and cognitive tests, how growth hormone (GH) could act in the brain of an older woman, not deficient in GH, who showed mild cognitive alterations (MCI) and had a genotype of ApoE 4/3 and familial dyslipidemia. (2) Methods: After performing a first psychometric study (TAVEC verbal learning test), the metabolic activity of brain structures related to knowledge, memory, and behavior was analyzed using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose PET-SCAN. The patient was then treated with GH (0.4 mg/day, subcutaneous) for three weeks and on the last day under this treatment, a new PET-SCAN was performed. One month after beginning treatment with GH, a new TAVEC test was performed. (3) Results: GH administration normalized the cognitive deficits observed in the first psychometric test and significantly (p < 0.025) increased the metabolic activity in practically all brain cortical areas, specifically in the left hippocampus and left amygdala, although not in the left parahippocampus. (4) Conclusions: This study demonstrates for the first time the positive effects of GH on cerebral metabolism in a patient without GH deficiency, recovering the function of affected areas related to knowledge, memory, and behavior in an elderly patient with MCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Devesa¹,

Núñez²,

Agra³

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…For instance, it is known that GH administration improves memory parameters in rats (Schneider-Rivas et al 1995, Le Greves et al 2006. In accordance, lack of GH, as in severe GH deficiency in adult humans with hypopituitary, is associated with an impaired quality of life including fatigue and poor memory (McGauley 1989, Bengtsson et al 1993, Falleti et al 2006, Å berg et al 2010, and these symptoms are remedied by GH replacement therapy (McGauley 1989, Bengtsson et al 1993, Falleti et al 2006, Å berg et al 2010. A number of biochemical counterparts and mediators of these functional effects, including plasticity-related effects on synaptic proteins, astrocytes, and neurons, have been described (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Different modes of GH administration influence gene expression in the male rat brain

Walser

Schiöler

Oscarsson

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

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The endogenous secretion pattern in males of GH is episodic in rats and in humans, whereas GH administration is usually even. Different types of GH administration have different effects on body mass, longitudinal bone growth, and liver metabolism in rodents, whereas possible effects on brain plasticity have not been investigated. In this study, GH was administered as a continuous infusion or as two daily injections in hypophysectomized male rats. Thirteen transcripts previously known to respond to GH in the hippocampus and parietal cortex (cortex) were assessed by RT-PCR. To investigate the effects of type of GH administration on several transcripts with different variations, and categories of transcripts (neuron-, glia-, and GH-related), a mixed model analysis was applied. Accordingly, GH injections increased overall transcript abundance more than GH infusions (21% in the hippocampus, P!0.001 and 10% in the cortex, PZ0.09). Specifically, GH infusions and injections robustly increased neuronal hemoglobin beta (Hbb) expression significantly (1.8-to 3.6-fold), and GH injections were more effective than GH infusions in increasing Hbb in the cortex (41%, PZ0.02), whereas a 23% difference in the hippocampus was not significant. Also cortical connexin 43 was higher in the group with GH injections than in those with GH infusions (26%, P!0.007). Also, there were differences between GH injections and infusions in GH-related transcripts of the cortex (23%, PZ0.04) and glia-related transcripts of the hippocampus (15%, PZ0.02). Thus, with the exception of Hbb there is a moderate difference in responsiveness to different modes of GH administration.

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“…Moreover, in that study we also demonstrated that exogenous GH cooperates with the hormone produced in the neural progenitors to increase their proliferation in response to a brain damage. The effects of GH treatment on the proliferation of neural stem cells, had been also observed in adult mice and rats [47,48] and human foetal hippocampus [49]. Moreover, a functional MRI study demonstrated that GH treatment improved learning and the working memory in GH-deficient GHD) children [40,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cognitive Evolution of a Patient Who Suffered a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Eight Years Ago, after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation

Quintana¹,

Agra²,

Outeiral³

et al. 2018

Reports

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Abstract:To describe the cognitive evolution of a patient who suffered a subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting in a total loss of his cognitive functions. The patient was initially treated with GH (0.8 mg/day), melatonin (50 mg/day) and neurorehabilitation 1 year after his brain damage, during 3 months. Then continued with GH (0.5 mg/day, 6 months/year, during 2 years) and melatonin treatments and neurorehabilitation (3 days/week). 5 years later the patient came back to our Centre due to the absence of recent memory and personal and spatio-temporal orientation and he received an intensive specific neurorehabilitation, including EINA (Auditory Stimulation and Neurosensory Integration), together with GH (0.8 mg/day) and melatonin, for 6 months. At discharge of his first treatment period cognitive functions showed very poor changes but these had been improved when he came back 5 years later. A review carried out 8 years after SHA demonstrated that the patient significantly recovered in all the cognitive functions and he was able to live an independent life. GH plays a key role on cognition, including its actions on recent memory. Melatonin, in turn, helps as a neuroprotective agent. A specific neurostimulation must be performed so that the effects of GH can be expressed. Within neurostimulation, EINA seems to play a very important role for enhancing the effects of medical and rehabilitative treatments on brain plasticity.

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Peripheral growth hormone induces cell proliferation in the intact adult rat brain

Cited by 42 publications

References 43 publications

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Treatment with Growth Hormone (GH) Increased the Metabolic Activity of the Brain in an Elder Patient, Not GH-Deficient, Who Suffered Mild Cognitive Alterations and Had an ApoE 4/3 Genotype

Different modes of GH administration influence gene expression in the male rat brain

Cognitive Evolution of a Patient Who Suffered a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Eight Years Ago, after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation

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