Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Progression in Myopic Children Randomly Assigned to Wear Single Vision and Progressive Addition Lenses

Berntsen, David A.; Barr, Christopher D.; Mutti, Donald O.; Zadnik, Karla

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11904

Cited by 116 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Interestingly, alpha-ganglion cells are predominantly observed in the peripheral retina and have large dendritic regions to receive inputs from amacrine cells 47,[53][54][55][56][57] . The hypothesis that alpha- ganglion cells and AII amacrine cells are implicated in emmetropization is consistent with the peripheral defocus theory, a theory of myopia development that has been supported by clinical evidence [58][59][60][61] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

et al. 2015

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Myopia can cause severe visual impairment. Here, we report a two-stage genome-wide association study for three myopia-related traits in 9,804 Japanese individuals, which was extended with trans-ethnic replication in 2,674 Chinese and 2,690 Caucasian individuals. We identify WNT7B as a novel susceptibility gene for axial length (rs10453441, P meta ¼ 3.9 Â 10 À 13 ) and corneal curvature (P meta ¼ 2.9 Â 10 À 40 ) and confirm the previously reported association between GJD2 and myopia. WNT7B significantly associates with extreme myopia in a case-control study with 1,478 Asian patients and 4,689 controls (odds ratio (OR) meta ¼ 1.13, P meta ¼ 0.011). We also find in a mouse model of myopia downregulation of WNT7B expression in the cornea and upregulation in the retina, suggesting its possible role in the development of myopia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

et al. 2015

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“…26 Wear of conventional spectacles does appear to contribute to this peripheral defocus, 27,28 which provided the impetus for the randomized trials of under-correction in preventing myopia progression as cited above. 14,15 The mechanism whereby spectacle wear (compared to nonwear) appears in fact to retard worsening of vision associated with progression of myopia is not well understood.…”

Section: Results From Itt Analysis In This Randomized Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Ma¹,

Congdon²,

Yi³

et al. 2015

American Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: To study safety of children's glasses in rural China, where fear that glasses harm vision is an important barrier for families and policy makers.DESIGN: Exploratory analysis from a clusterrandomized, investigator-masked, controlled trial.METHODS: Among primary schools (n [ 252) in western China, children were randomized by school to 1 of 3 interventions: free glasses provided in class, vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or glasses prescriptions only (Control group). The main outcome of this analysis is uncorrected visual acuity after 8 months, adjusted for baseline acuity.RESULTS: Among 19 934 children randomly selected for screening, 5852 myopic (spherical equivalent refractive error £L0.5 diopters) eyes of 3001 children (14.7%, mean age 10.5 years) had VA £6/12 without glasses correctable to >6/12 with glasses, and were eligible. Among these, 1903 (32.5%), 1798 (30.7%), and 2151 (36.8%) were randomized to Control, Voucher, and Free Glasses, respectively. Intention-totreat analyses were performed on all 1831 (96.

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“…Indeed, the literature provides evidence that the peripheral retina plays a role in the development of myopia, [17][18][19] but also that it is involved in visually induced postural control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies involving current correction modalities, including methods for myopia control, also suggest that the peripheral retina may play a role in the development and progression of myopia. [17][18][19] In addition, the literature provides evidence that myopes and emmetropes possess intrinsic differences. 20 Knowing that the peripheral visual experience differs between myopes and emmetropes and that peripheral quality may potentially affect posture, it is reasonable to believe, as previously mentioned, that refractive error could therefore have an effect on postural control.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Myopes Show Greater Visually Induced Postural Responses Than Emmetropes

Sayah

Asaad

Hanssens

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. The literature already establishes that vision plays a crucial role in postural control and that this visual dependence shows intra-and interindividual variability. However, does ametropia also have an effect on postural control? This question leads to our study, which aims primarily to determine if myopes and emmetropes behave differently in terms of postural control when subjected to visual stimulation, and secondarily, if this difference persists in the presence of barrel and pincushion distortions. The results could lead, among other things, to improved lens design.METHODS. Twenty-four subjects (12 myopes of À2.00 to À9.00 diopters [D] and 12 emmetropes of À0.50 to þ0.50 D), between 19 and 35 years of age, participated in the study after comprehensive eye examinations were carried out. Of the 12 myopes, the preferred type of correction was divided equally within the group. While standing in front of a projection system and fixating on an immobile point, a checkerboard stimulus was displayed in their peripheral visual field, in either a static or dynamic state. Three conditions of optical distortion (plan, pincushion, and barrel distortions) were presented to the subjects. Their postural response was measured and recorded using a system of infrared cameras and optical sensors positioned on a helmet. RESULTS.The results show that postural instability induced by a dynamic peripheral stimulus is higher for myopes compared with emmetropes (ANOVA Refractive Error, F 1,22 ¼ 5.92, P ¼ 0.0235). When exposed to optical distortions, the two groups also have significant differences in postural behaviors (ANOVA Refractive Error*Optical Distortion, F 2,44 ¼ 5.67, P ¼ 0.0064).CONCLUSIONS. These results suggest that refractive error could be a factor in explaining individual variations of the role of vision in postural control.

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Peripheral Defocus and Myopia Progression in Myopic Children Randomly Assigned to Wear Single Vision and Progressive Addition Lenses

Cited by 116 publications

References 50 publications

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

Identification of myopia-associated WNT7B polymorphisms provides insights into the mechanism underlying the development of myopia

Safety of Spectacles for Children's Vision: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Myopes Show Greater Visually Induced Postural Responses Than Emmetropes

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