Peripheral Circulation During Experimental Fever

Pinkston, J. O.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1934.110.2.448

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Our results differ from those of Douglas (1954) and Pinkstone (1935) and provide strong evidence for the regular occurrence of two phases of constriction in denervated ear vessels, one early and the other delayed. Both are independent of blood-pressure changes and of the rise of rectal temperature; neither is altered by anaesthetization with pentobarbital sodium and phenobarbital sodium.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of these observations he suggests that: (1) adrenal stimulation is responsible for the vasoconstriction which occurs promptly after the injection, and (2) the delayed constriction is not the result of liberation of adrenaline into the blood stream but perhaps of some other humoral substance liberated late in the febrile reaction, possibly from the pituitary. Our results differ from those of Douglas (1954) and Pinkstone (1935) and provide strong evidence for the regular occurrence of two phases of constriction in denervated ear vessels, one early and the other delayed. Both are independent of blood-pressure changes and of the rise of rectal temperature; neither is altered by anaesthetization with pentobarbital sodium and phenobarbital sodium.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors may account for Pinkstone's (1935) inconstant results. Thus his doses were smaller than ours and the age of his vaccine is not stated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Again, J. ARMIN AND R. T. GRANT it may be that the typhoid-paratyphoid organisms are less effective in provoking release of constrictor substances than is E. coli and it may have been that his rabbits were less sensitive than ours. Lastly, Pinkstone (1935) It seems, therefore, that whether or not constrictor substances are released into the blood stream during fever depends on the constitution of the pyrogen and that another factor affecting release is the sensitivity of the animal to the pyrogen. The various elements of the pyrogen responsible for the release are unknown, but the protein fraction seems possibly responsible for the early phase of constriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nature of these substances is uncertain. However, judging by the appearance of the denervated ear, the level of blood sugar and the effects of adrenalectomy, it seems highly probable that adrenaline is released from the adrenal glands, not as Pinkstone (1935) suggested during the early, but only during the delayed phase. Zwecker & Goodell (1925) also found a rise of blood sugar following the injection of an E. coli vaccine into the rabbit, and their data show that this rise is delayed till about the end of the first hour, that is, about the time of our delayed constriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The vasoconstriction caused by a pyrogen*

Armin¹,

Grant²

1957

The Journal of Physiology

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It is uncertain whether or not a circulating constrictor substance plays any part in the production of fever. The matter was discussed earlier by one of us (Grant, 1935). Since then little new evidence has been published, but that which has suggests that in both man (Perera, 1941) and the rabbit (Douglas, 1954) fever can occur without the release of a constrictor substance into the blood stream. However, during the last war we witnessed gross constriction develop in the vessels of the feet during a febrile transfusion reaction in a patient suffering from a week old crush fracture of the 4th to 6th thoracic vertebrae, with complete sensory and motor loss from the 4th segment downwards and incontinence of urine and faeces. More recently, we observed rabbits during the febrile reaction following 5 or 6 days after inoculation with neurotropic herpes virus by our colleagues Boyse, Morgan, Pearson & Wright (1956). The vessels of the previously denervated ear became grossly constricted. This observation prompted us to examine the problem afresh in the rabbit, using, among others, the methods recently devised by us for the detection and assay of constrictor substances in the blood (Armin & Grant, 1955, 1957. Briefly, we find that during the fever that follows the intravenous injection of an Escherichia coli vaccine, the circulating blood acquires constrictor activity which is due to the release of several substances into the blood stream. METHODSRabbits with three-quarter-lop ears were used mainly. One ear was denervated at least a week beforehand by excising the superior cervical ganglion and portions of the great and posterior auricular nerves at the base of the ear.In a few preliminary experiments unanaesthetized animals were observed in their cages. Their ears were inspected and the rectal temperature measured from time to time. Mainly, however, the rabbits were observed in a box (45 x 15 x 15 cm) open in front and on top. The sides and rear ofthe box were ofwood and the base of sheet metal. The top of the box was covered with a movable rubber sheet. A loosely fitting rubber collar was placed on the rabbit's neck. The sides of this collar, prolonged for 15 cm and slotted near their free ends were attached by these slots to a stud * Work undertaken on behalf of the Medical Research Council.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors may account for Pinkstone's (1935) inconstant results. Thus his doses were smaller than ours and the age of his vaccine is not stated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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