Peripheral Blood T‐Lymphocyte and Monocyte Function and Survival in Patients With Head and Neck Carcinoma

Abstract

Objectives/Hypothesis: To determine if the Tlymphocyte and monocyte functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are predictive factors for outcome. Study Design: A prospective study describing the outcome, as to total survival and death by disease after at least 40 months observation, of 81 previously untreated male HNSCC patients in relation to PBMC T-lymphocyte and monocyte function. Methods: T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and the cytokine level in culture supernatants of PBMC as well as monocytes were analyzed. These parameters were related to survival by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: When patients with high versus low T-lymphocyte mitogen-stimulated proliferations were compared, a decreased proliferation was seen to be related to worse outcome. The predictive value of T-lymphocyte proliferation was shown to be an independent prognostic factor when adjusted for stage and stratified for anatomic location in survival analysis. The predictive value was also retained when the serum values of the major serum proteins and hormones and scores based on the smoking and alcohol history were added to the survival analysis with lymphocyte proliferation. Supernatant levels of ␥-interferon, interleukin (IL)-2, or IL-4 in PBMC cultures were not related to outcome. Monocyte function measured by endotoxinstimulated IL-1␤, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor-␣ secretion did not relate to outcome of the patients. Conclusion: The PBMC T-lymphocyte-stimulated proliferation is an independent prognostic factor for male HNSCC patients.

Increased cytokine secretion in head and neck cancer upon p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation

“…Since human solid tumor tissues are known to be infiltrated by various kinds of immune cells, it is necessary to distinguish between directly tumor-derived cytokines and cytokines produced by tumor-triggered immune cells, respectively (28)(29)(30). Stimulation of primary HNSCC cultures with exogenous IL-1 resulted in significantly increased levels of various cytokines such as IL-4, IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) which strongly suggests that cells of HNSCC secrete cytokines not only to inhibit but to trigger local immune cells such as dendritic cells for its own purpose (11).…”

Effect of peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulation test on gastric cancer monitoring and prognostic evaluation

“…Therefore, dosage selection can directly influence the safety of the therapy. Oxaliplatin is a newly developed third-generation platinum drug that promotes tumor cell apoptosis by inhibiting DNA synthesis [6]. This drug involves different drug-resistance mechanisms and slightly inhibits bone marrow.…”

Effect of reactive oxygen species on the ligand-independent activation of EGFR in tongue squamous cell carcinoma

“…Moreover, clinical research has shown that the increased number of neutrophils and macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues is associated with disease progression and poor prognosis of cancer patients. These two types of cells not only produce a variety of cytokines but also can be activated after contact with tumor cells to release ROS [13,16,17]. ROS are powerful oxidizing agents capable of damaging DNA and other biomolecules.…”