Peripheral biomarkers allow differential diagnosis between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Metabolomic Characterization of Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS)

“…Thusly, under physiological conditions, endogenous glycine may exert a mainly excitatory effect in the hippocampus, where both GlyRs and NMDARs are expressed. Interestingly, an increase in serum glycine levels measured by 1 H-NMR spectra has been shown to differentiate schizophrenia (with higher glycine levels) from bipolar patients (with glycine plasma levels similar to controls), suggesting an important role for glycine in regulating cognition (Tasic et al, 2019) and affective regulation, an observation parallelled in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders (Humer et al, 2020). Irritability, emotional lability, behavioral regression has been shown to be a crucial component of the PANS clinical presentation (Gagliano et al, 2020), rendering the involvement of glycine metabolism in PANS biologically plausible.…”

A system biology approach based on metabolic biomarkers and protein–protein interactions for identifying pathways underlying schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

“…Therefore, early diagnosis of SCZ and BD would be essential to improve outcomes, as early intervention was found to be beneficial for the patients to prevent the cognitive deficits and disabilities if early and properly treated with appropriate pharmacotherapy 68 – 70 . However, as most of them could not be replicated, unfortunately, no biomarker has been established for differentiating BD and HCs until present 71 , with exception to our most recently work describing a set of metabolic peripheral biomarkers that allow the differential diagnosis between SCZ and BD 20 . However, the absence of any conclusive evidence to identify these severe mental illnesses at an early stage, based on biomarkers alone, led us to propose the integration of these metabolome data by using system biology approach based on protein–protein interactions for identifying pathways underlying SCZ and BD pathophysiology, as presented here.…”

“…The separation of BD subjects treated with SGAs, BD subjects treated with lithium, and SCZ subjects treated with SGAs was possible by employing serum metabolomic studies, suggesting also the specificity of the pharmacometabolome to assist the diagnosis in clinics 25 , 26 . In addition, a set of metabolites that allowed the separation of BD and SCZ patients from HCs, and that could discriminate SCZ from BD and crack users, were recently identified by us and others 15 , 20 , 25 – 28 . These studies may represent a good example of how the metabolomic studies can bring new information about pathways and metabolic alterations, which might not be detectable by genetic studies.…”

“…Although proteins are the functional actors that are responsible for the generation or catabolism of all metabolites, identification of metabolic processes characteristically active or inactive in any specific healthy and/or pathological conditions may uncover pathways important for the understanding of disease mechanisms. Interestingly, the separation of SCZ and healthy control (HC) individuals, by metabolomic analysis was demonstrated to be possible by employing different methods, such as proton NMR ( 1 H-NMR) or mass spectrometry (MS) 15 , 20 – 22 , which also highlighted that the metabolic changes can be detected in different biological samples, including urine, blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 23 , 24 . The separation of BD subjects treated with SGAs, BD subjects treated with lithium, and SCZ subjects treated with SGAs was possible by employing serum metabolomic studies, suggesting also the specificity of the pharmacometabolome to assist the diagnosis in clinics 25 , 26 .…”

Aplicação de métodos de seleção de variáveis para o controle de qualidade de biodiesel de pinhão manso e de moringa em misturas com diesel usando espectrometria no infravermelho médio

“…Os métodos espectrométricos comumente empregados em química orgânica e inorgânica tornam-se mais eficientes quando acoplados a métodos de matemática multivariada, o que permite a análise quantitativa de grande quantidade de dados. A Quimiometria é também aplicada nas áreas de alimentos, saúde, medicamentos, combustíveis, meio ambiente, dentre outras, atuando na cadeia produtiva, controle de qualidade, estudos de adulterações, quantificações, classificação de amostras, monitoramento do controle de qualidade, entre outras aplicações (TASIC et al, 2019).…”