Peripheral Arterial Disease—What Do We Need to Know?

Shanmugasundaram, Madhan; Ram, Vinny; Luft, Ulrich C.; Alpert, Joseph S.

doi:10.1002/clc.20925

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Peripheral artery disease results from progressive narrowing of the arteries secondary to atherosclerosis and is defined as an ABI of < 0.9. 5,6 Peripheral artery disease is associated with an increased risk of death among patients with and without diabetes after kidney transplant. 11 The incidence of PAD seems to vary and has been reported to range from 6.8% to 15% after a kidney transplant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10,14 Peripheral artery disease can easily be diagnosed based on an ABI of < 0.90. 5,6 In this study, left or right ABI values of < 0.9 were used to define the low ABI group.…”

Section: Anthropometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 The biological effects of these 4 peptide hormones include vasodilatation mediated via enhancing guanylate cyclase activity with a resultant increase in intracellular messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate. 1 4 Yao-Jen Chang, 5 Ming-Che Lee, natriuretic peptide represses the fibrogenic activation of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibits pressureinduced cardiac remodeling and fibrosis, and has a vascular relaxation effect. 3 126-amino acid atrial natriuretic peptide also decreases atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed anesthetized rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a general term used to describe progressive atherosclerotic narrowing of the peripheral arteries, and is most often used to refer to the arteries of the lower extremities. 5 Ankle-brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of ankle-to-brachial systolic blood pressure, provides a simple, noninvasive, useful method for assessing subclinical PAD. 5,6 Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that lower ABI values are independent predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Ankle-brachial index (ABI), which is the ratio of ankle-to-brachial systolic blood pressure, provides a simple, noninvasive, useful method for assessing subclinical PAD. 5,6 Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that lower ABI values are independent predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality. 7,8 An ABI of less than 0.9 can predict mortality in both advanced chronic kidney disease and in hemodialysis patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fasting Serum Long-Acting Natriuretic Peptide Correlates With the Ankle Brachial Index in Renal Transplant Recipients

Chen²,

Yin³

et al. 2013

Exp Clin Transplant

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Objectives: Peripheral arterial diseases associated with an increased risk of death in kidney transplant patients. Natriuretic peptide has anti-atherosclerotic effects. We sought to evaluate the relation between ankle-brachial index and fasting serum long-acting natriuretic peptide concentrations in kidney transplant patients. Materials and Methods: Fasting blood samples were obtained from 69 kidney transplant patients. Serum long-acting natriuretic peptide concentrations were measured using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay kit. Left or right ankle-brachial index values that were < 0.9 were included in the low ankle-brachial index group. Results: Fifteen patients (21.7%) were enrolled in the low ankle-brachial index group. Increased waist circumference (P = .013), higher serum total cholesterol levels (P = .019), higher triglyceride levels (P = .002), and decreased serum long-acting natriuretic peptide concentrations (P = .006) were noted in the low ankle-brachial index group. Univariate linear regression analysis indicated that the left/right ankle-brachial index values of the subjects were negatively correlated with serum triglycerides (P = .008 or P < .001) and fasting glucose levels (P = .034 or P = .012), but were positively correlated with long-acting natriuretic peptide concentrations (P = .011 or P = .011). Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analyses of the significant variables revealed that serum triglycerides and long-acting natriuretic peptide levels were independent predictors of the left/right anklebrachial index values of kidney transplant patients. Conclusions: Serum long-acting natriuretic peptide concentrations correlate positively with anklebrachial index values among the kidney transplant patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10,14 Peripheral artery disease can easily be diagnosed based on an ABI of < 0.90. 5,6 In this study, left or right ABI values of < 0.9 were used to define the low ABI group.…”

Section: Anthropometric Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Fasting Serum Long-Acting Natriuretic Peptide Correlates With the Ankle Brachial Index in Renal Transplant Recipients

Chen²,

Yin³

et al. 2013

Exp Clin Transplant

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Geographic variation and risk factors for systemic and limb ischemic events in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: Insights from the REACH Registry

Abtan

Bhatt

Elbez

et al. 2017

Clinical Cardiology

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Background Patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) are at high risk of ischemic events. However, data about predictors of this risk are limited. Hypothesis We analyzed baseline characteristics and 4‐year follow‐up of patients enrolled in the international REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health ( REACH ) Registry with symptomatic PAD and no history of stroke/transient ischemic attack to describe annual rates of recurrent ischemic events globally and geographically. Methods The primary outcome was systemic ischemic events (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) at 4 years. The secondary outcome was limb ischemic events (composite of lower limb amputation, peripheral bypass graft, and percutaneous intervention for PAD ) at 2 years. Multivariate analysis identified risk factors associated with recurrent ischemic events. Results The primary endpoint rate reached 4.7% during the first year and increased continuously (by 4%–5% each year) to 17.6% by year 4, driven mainly by cardiovascular mortality (11.1% at year 4). Japan experienced lower adjusted ischemic rates ( P < 0.01) vs North America. Renal impairment ( P < 0.01), congestive heart failure ( P < 0.01), history of diabetes ( P < 0.01), history of myocardial infarction ( P = 0.01), vascular disease (single or poly, P < 0.01), and older age ( P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of systemic ischemic events, whereas statin use was associated with lower risk ( P = 0.03). The limb ischemic event rate was 5.7% at 2 years. Conclusions Four‐year systemic ischemic risk in patients with PAD and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack remains high, and was mainly driven by cardiovascular mortality.

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Nanoparticles for Detection and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Noukeu

Wolf

Yuan

et al. 2018

Small

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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is defined as a slow, progressive disorder of the lower extremity arterial vessels characterized by chronic narrowing that often results in occlusion and is associated with loss of functional capacity. Although the PAD occurrence rate is increasing in the elderly population, outcomes with current treatment strategies are suboptimal. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new technologies that overcome limitations of traditional modalities for PAD detection and therapy. In this Review, the application of nanotechnology as a tool that bridges the gap in PAD diagnosis and therapy is in focus. Several materials including synthetic, natural, biodegradable, and biocompatible materials are used to develop nanoparticles for PAD diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications. Moreover, various recent research approaches are being explored to diagnose PAD through multimodality imaging with different nanoplatforms. Further efforts include targeted delivery of various therapeutic agents using nanostructures as carriers to treat PAD. Last, but not least, despite being a fairly new field, researchers are exploring the use of nanotheranostics for PAD detection and therapy.

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Peripheral Arterial Disease—What Do We Need to Know?

Cited by 21 publications

References 43 publications

Fasting Serum Long-Acting Natriuretic Peptide Correlates With the Ankle Brachial Index in Renal Transplant Recipients

Fasting Serum Long-Acting Natriuretic Peptide Correlates With the Ankle Brachial Index in Renal Transplant Recipients

Geographic variation and risk factors for systemic and limb ischemic events in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease: Insights from the REACH Registry

Nanoparticles for Detection and Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease

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